The effectiveness of digestate application in cultivation of carrot and red beet

Abstract

Purpose. To highlight the features of influence of bioorganic fertilizer Effluent, obtained on the basis of anaerobic fermentation of pig manure in a biogas plant, on the productivity and yield structure of carrot and beet; to substantiate effective norms of the Effluent bioorganic fertilizer application in modern technologies of cultivation of carrot and beet. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, system analysis and forecast. Determination of yield structure and productivity was performed according to generally accepted methods. Results. The largest diameter of the root crop (6.0 cm) in the Bolivar F1 carrot hybrid was obtained by applying the organic fertilizer Effluent at the rate of 55 t/ha in combination with mineral fertilizer (N90P90K90). Application of fertilizers provides an increase in the carrot root diameter by 0.6-2.4 cm, the weight of the tops by 11.4-24.3 g compared to the control. The highest total yield (67.66 t/ha) of carrots of the Bolivar F1 hybrid was got on the variant with applying 55
 t/ha of bioorganic fertilizer Effluent in combination with mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90), of which 54.05 t/ha of root crops or 79.89% to the total yield were of saleable quality, and only 13.61 ton, or 20.11% were non-standard. Application of bioorganic fertilizer Effluent and mineral fertilizers provided an increase in the diameter of the root of the hybrid beet Kestrel F1 by 1.03-4.12 cm compared with the control. The weight of root crops under control (without fertilizers), for two years of the research amounted to 145.4 g, the introduction of water at the rate of 45 t/ha provided an increase in root mass by 7.80 g, the introduction of 25 t/ha of organic fertilizer – by 21, 30 g, 35 t/ha – 37.65 g, 45
 t/ ha – 45.35 g, 55 t/ha – 61.15 g, 55 t/ha of Effluent + N90P90K90 – 85.35 g and application of mineral fertilizer only (N90P90K90) – by 67.05 g. The high total (99.23 t/ha) and saleable yield (84.19 t/ha) was obtained in a hybrid of Kestrel F1 beet under the use of bioorganic fertilizer Effluent at the rate of 55 t/ha combined with mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90). This result is 9.16-36.70 and 7.65-49.07 tons more than the control variant (without fertilizers and watering). Conclusions. Optimization of provision of macro- and microelements of carrot and red beet plants, due to the application of fertilizers provides an increase in the diameter of the root of carrots and beets. Most actively roots and aboveground part of the carrot plant were formed under application of the bioorganic fertilizer Effluent at the rate of 55 t/ha in combination with mineral fertilizer (N90P90K90). The ratio between aboveground and underground parts of the plant was 1 to 0.38, the total yield of carrot roots – 35-19.28 t/ha and marketability – 12.04-29.24 t/ha (15.04- 26.23%). The general productivity of beet made up 99.22 t/ha, of saleable quality – 86.23 t/ ha, which is 9.75-36.68 and 8.68-49.11 tons more than the control variant (without fertilizers and watering). The variants without fertilizers showed the highest percentage of cracked and affected by diseases roots. The use of bioorganic fertilizer Effluent provided an increase in root weight by 22.7-85.3 g compared to the control variant.