Abstract
Cultural diversity and cultural pluralism are integral components of a competent approach to training a qualified specialist in the modern educational process that allows effective interaction in the process of the cross- and communication. In this context, active expansion received close in meaning, but different in their essence and purpose concepts, namely: common cultural, sociocultural, culturological, multicultural, cross-cultural and cultural competencies. The article presents a comparative analysis of these terms, taking into account aspects crucial for their differentiation and important for the contextual application. To synthesize the scientific thought of the work, the recent years' sources in the field of competent interrelations of individuals and groups of different cultures were thoroughly analyzed, the said concepts of competence were separated from each other depending on the sphere of application. Each of the competencies identifies the knowledge, skills and experience, as well as the personal characteristics of an individual, the acquisition and development of which are essential for the formation of one or another competence of modern specialist in the light of globalization processes. It should be emphasized that cultural competence comes in the form of meta- competence as a conditionally sufficient measure of socialization and interculturalism of an individual. This allows them to independently understand and freely use at their discretion all the acquired competencies and skills concerning socio-cultural and social, institutional and conventional norms and regulators of behaviour in the process of mobile social communication, including in different languages. Identifying the different aspects of the mentioned competencies will allow us to differentiate the stated terms in the context of the educational process reformation in Ukraine and the qualified training of future specialists. Summarizing the results of the study, the article highlights the distinctive features of competencies, and the meaningful definitions emphasize their essence: Common cultural competence is based on the knowledge of the characteristics of the society culture, implies the possession of communication skills adopted in a particular society and as a key competence includes sociocultural and culturological competencies. Interpersonal interaction with the representatives of another culture reflects a level of competence, also called intercultural and communicative competence. Multicultural competence allows finding those behaviours that promote mutual trust and effective interethnic interaction, eliminate intolerant attitude towards people of different skin colour, different language, culture or other values. Cross-Cultural competence implies an awareness of the differences (ideological, ceremonial, cult or traditional ones) inherent in a particular culture.
Highlights
ɨɪɿɽɧɬɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɫɜɿɬɨɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɿ ʀɯ ɧɨɫɿʀɜ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɚɦɨɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀɣɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɿʀɧɚɜɢɱɤɢɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɥɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɿɽɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɬɜɨɪɱɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɿɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɣ ɞɿɚɥɨɝ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɿɠ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢ
Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɹɤ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɿɜ ɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɚɪɬɨ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ȼɨɧɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɥɸɞɢɧɿ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɬɢ ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɿɣ ɪɨɡɫɭɞ ɭɜɟɫɶ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɬɚɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɿɣɳɨɞɨɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯɬɚɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɿ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɿɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɭɬ ɱ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢɦɨɜɚɦɢ ɉɨɥɿɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɽ ɨɞɧɿɽɸɡɤɥɸɱɨɜɢɯɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɬɢ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ʀʀ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɢɯɨɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɥɿɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɦ’ɹɤɲɢɬɢ ɦɿɠɟɬɧɿɱɧɿɣɦɿɠɪɚɫɨɜɿɧɟɩɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹȼɨɧɚɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɡɧɚɣɬɢɬɿɦɨɞɟɥɿɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢɹɤɿɫɩɪɢɹɸɬɶ ɜɡɚɽɦɧɿɣɞɨɜɿɪɿɬɚɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɣɦɿɠɟɬɧɿɱɧɿɣɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɜɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭɩɨɥɿɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɭɫɭɜɚɸɬɶɧɟɬɟɪɩɢɦɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɞɨɥɸɞɟɣɿɧɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɶɨɪɭɲɤɿɪɢɿɧɲɨʀɦɨɜɢ ɬɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɿɧɲɢɯ ɰɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɨɪɿɽɧɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɯ ɚɜɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɢ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɦɿɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɥɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ʀɯ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɫɥɿɞɭɸɱɢ ɤɚɧɨɧɚɦ ɜɜɿɱɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɿɧɲɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɩɨɜɚɝɭ ɞɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɿɜ ɿ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ – ɰɟ ɹɤɿɫɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ-ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɳɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɿ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɬɚ ɜɦɿɧɶ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɰɿɧɧɿɫɧɿɨɪɿɽɧɬɚɰɿʀɭɜɥɚɫɧɿɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿɬɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯɪɿɡɧɢɯɤɪɚʀɧɫɜɿɬɨɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹɦ ʀɯ ɧɨɫɿʀɜ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɚɦɨɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɿʀ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɬɜɨɪɱɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɿɠ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɫɨɰɿɭɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɦɨɜɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɬɚ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɢɱɤɚɦɢ ɫɩɿɥɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɰɿɭɦɿ ɿ ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿ Ɂɧɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɜɢ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɿ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɦɿɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿʀ — ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɿɫɬɶɬɟɪɩɢɦɿɫɬɶɿɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɶɞɨɫɩɿɥɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚɦɢɿɧɲɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɚɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɡ ɧɢɦɢ ɋɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɿ ɮɨɧɨɜɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɚ Ʉɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɧɚɜɢɱɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɦɿɧɧɹ ɽ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɞɟɣ ɞɭɦɨɤ ɩɨɱɭɬɬɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɡɦɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹɰɿɥɟɣɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿʀɆɨɜɧɿɡɧɚɧɧɹɫɥɭɝɭɸɬɶɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɹɿɧɲɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɬɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɟɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɜɧɨʀɤɪɚʀɧɢɁɚɭɜɚɠɢɦɨɳɨɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿɣɧɚɭɤɨɜɿɣɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɿɲɟɭɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿɦɿɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨʀɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿɜɠɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ«ɦɿɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɫɟɧɫɢɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ»ɹɤɚɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɡɧɚɧɧɹɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɚɹɤɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨɪɟɚɤɰɿʀ ɧɚɱɭɠɭɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɬɚɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɿɫɬɶɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶɥɟɝɤɨɬɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɭ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸ ɡɿ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɡɦɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ Ʉɪɨɫ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɽ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɸ ɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɞɿɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɳɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɸɬɶ ɿɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɭɛ¶ɽɤɬɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɦɿɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɥɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɛɭɬɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɭɦɿɧɶ ɿ ɧɚɜɢɱɨɤ ɫɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɧɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɰɿɩɿɞɱɚɫɤɪɨɫ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɿɜ
Summary
Identifying the different aspects of the mentioned competencies will allow us to differentiate the stated terms in the context of the educational process reformation in Ukraine and the qualified training of future specialists.
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