STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND TRANSLATING ENGLISH TERMINOLOGICAL WORD-UNITS OF PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Abstract

The work provides the insight intothe study of the structuraland semantic features as well as methods of translatingthe English two- and multi-wordterminologicalunitsof the professional languages ofmechanicalengineeringand electrical engineering.It is notedthat terminology is one of the main stylistic features of scientific and technical style. All termsaccording totheir structure can besimple, compoundand multi-wordterminologicalunits. The latter are the most difficult to understand and translate whileworking with vocabulary of scientific and technical literature. Based on the number of term elements and the nature of the semantic relations between them, the multi-wordterminologicalunitsare divided into two main groups: two-component and multi-component terms. It isconsideredthatthere is a general tendency for the dominant use of multi-wordterminologicalunitsin the textsof mechanicalengineering and electrical engineering. The predominance of the composite nominations– terms-phrases – over the unambiguous ones has been consideredas one of the tendencies inthe development of modern terminologicalsystems of the branchesunder study.The specifics of professional languages of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering and their general tendency to the dominant use of terms-phrases are outlined. The branching and dynamic development of these industries determines the production of terms with two- and multicomponent structures. Such a structure is able to show the capacious semantics of a particular terminological phrase. The advantage of multi-wordterminologicalunitsover one-word ones is defined as one of the active tendencies of developing modern terminological systems of the branches under study.Peculiarities of translating the English terms-phrases in the professional languages of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering into the Ukrainian language are considered. The main methods of translation of the analyzed two- and multi-wordterminologicalunitsare outlined, which are as follows: loan translation (calque), translation by using the genitive case, translation by changing the order of the components of the attributive group, translation by various prepositions, compression, descriptive translation, addition.