PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH METALLURGICAL TERMS ON THEIR UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to study the structural, lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English metallurgical terms, to investigate their influence on translation into Ukrainian. Methodology. The research was carried out on the material of English metallurgical terms, taken from dictionaries and Internet sources. Using methods of component analysis and dictionary definitions analysis, we studied structural, grammatical and lexical peculiarities of those terms. Then a comparative analysis of English terms and their Ukrainian translation was carried out. The results have shown that English metallurgical terms are divided into simple, complex, compound and derivative terms according to their structure. It has been observed that English complex (binary) metallurgical terms are formed according to five models: N + N; Adj + N; P. I (G) + N; P. II + N; Prop. N + N. The most productive model of English binary terminological phrases is N + N model (30.3%). It has been noticed that the majority of complex terms are multicomponent, they comprise terms consisting of three or more words. It has been found out that a number of components in multicomponent terms in the target language may decrease or increase due to the different grammatical structures of the English and Ukrainian languages. Consecutive translation of words in multicomponent terms is rarely preserved: an English terminological phrase, which mainly has semantic development of components from the left to the right, is often translated into Ukrainian from the right to the left. If the number of components is large, a term tends to become an abbreviation. Research has shown that a common technique to translate abbreviated terms is translation by its full form. Terms consisting of one or two words, as a rule, do not cause difficulties in translation, with the exception of synonymy and polysemy. Synonyms can influence the translation of terms. They appear in terminology due to some processes: usage of synonymous attributive components, functioning of doublets which belong to national variants of the English language, alternation of nuclear components within a complex term. The terms containing proper names are called eponymous. While translating names of inventors, scientists into Ukrainian they are transcribed/ transliterated and put to the end of a phrase in Genitive case. However, there are some cases when proper names do not pass to the target language at all. A small number of pragmatonyms has been identified in terms as well.