Abstract
The paper describes main ways of terms formation in the field of power engineering as this field of study has great potential for future development (renewable energy sources). The aim of this research was to investigate structure and processes involved into the terms building. The prevailing amount of them is constituted by multicomponent terms and terminological phrases. Morphological formation is the most widespread way of terms building. Another important detail regarding complex engineering terms is an attribute cluster. The authors analyze the structure of terminological phrases as well as consider challenges of terms translation. Multicomponent terms are the major challenge of understanding and translation, since these are word combinations formed according to a certain pattern. English and Russian attributive groups differ in their vectors. The research is also focused on neologisms definition and characterization. Neologisms are commonly formed by such linguistic means as compounding, conversion and meaning change. Though neologisms denote specific objects and are very distinctive, the translation process is rather challenging. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s1p62
Highlights
In the modern world of scientific and technical literature where translators are often challenged with innovative texts containing descriptions of novel technologies, new scientific findings, new intellectual insights, etc. that unavoidably contain new terms, they are expected to ɫoin and propose corresponding new terms in the target language
In compliance with the ISO/TC37 [1087-1:2000], a neologism is defined as “new terms coined for a given concept”, i.e. these are the terms regardless of being either simple or complex which were introduced into the language for the first time and, they were generated by means of derivation, compounding or blending
The analysis of terms formation depends on the type of a term and is defined by the number of components, and this in its turn defines a terminological phrase
Summary
In the modern world of scientific and technical literature where translators are often challenged with innovative texts containing descriptions of novel technologies, new scientific findings, new intellectual insights, etc. that unavoidably contain new terms (or changed meanings of existing terms), they are expected to ɫoin and propose corresponding new terms in the target language. The following term analysis will be useful both for translation as well as for linguistics because it reveals the main structures deployed for terms formation. If the in general language (not within the terminology) the word can be polysemantic, within the framework of the certain terminology, it becomes monosemantic This statement is very important in terms of further analysis which will reveal the nature of terms formation if power engineering. Specific character of terms as a special category of lexical words is that they are created in the process of production and research and operate only within the environment which contains corresponding scientific and industrial realities, i.e. macro-context. In scientific and technical terminology such linguistic phenomena as polysemy, synonymy, homonymy may result in misunderstandings and above that rather severe translation mistakes. Before creating a new term for the concept several factors should be taken into account: first of all, a profound linguistic study should prove that there is no existing term in the language for the concept and secondly, if there are several synonymous terms for the concept the term which fulfills the maximal number of requirements should be approved
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