Limits of data anonymity: lack of public awareness risks trust in health system activities

Personal big data pricing method based on differential privacy

Personal data perceptions and privacy in Turkish academic libraries: An evaluation for administrations

The development of artificial intelligence has significantly transformed people's lives. However, it has also posed a significant threat to privacy and security, with numerous instances of personal information being exposed online and reports of criminal attacks and theft. Consequently, the need to achieve intelligent protection of personal information through machine learning algorithms has become a paramount concern. Artificial intelligence leverages advanced algorithms and technologies to effectively encrypt and anonymize personal data, enabling valuable data analysis and utilization while safeguarding privacy. This paper focuses on personal data privacy protection and the promotion of anonymity as its core research objectives. It achieves personal data privacy protection and detection through the use of machine learning's differential privacy protection algorithm. The paper also addresses existing challenges in machine learning related to privacy and personal data protection, offers improvement suggestions, and analyzes factors impacting datasets to enable timely personal data privacy detection and protection.

The development of artificial intelligence has significantly transformed people's lives. However, it has also posed a significant threat to privacy and security, with numerous instances of personal information being exposed online and reports of criminal attacks and theft. Consequently, the need to achieve intelligent protection of personal information through machine learning algorithms has become a paramount concern. Artificial intelligence leverages advanced algorithms and technologies to effectively encrypt and anonymize personal data, enabling valuable data analysis and utilization while safeguarding privacy. This paper focuses on personal data privacy protection and the promotion of anonymity as its core research objectives. It achieves personal data privacy protection and detection through the use of machine learning's differential privacy protection algorithm. The paper also addresses existing challenges in machine learning related to privacy and personal data protection, offers improvement suggestions, and analyzes factors impacting datasets to enable timely personal data privacy detection and protection.

The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various industries in the United States has ushered in an era of transformative technological advancements, which has provided businesses with the ability to enhance customer experiences and drive operational efficiencies. However, this development has brought about increased challenges in preserving the privacy and security of personal data in the US. The paper examines the need to balance customer convenience with privacy compliance within the context of AI and personal data privacy in the U.S. The paper also examines the state of data privacy and concerns arising from the use of AI. It assesses the key legal frameworks in the U.S. and their adequacy to regulate AI in light of data privacy. The paper employs a doctrinal research methodology to examine the laws and identify the challenges arising from the regulatory gaps in AI and personal data privacy. The paper finds that there are challenges stemming from the lack of alignment between existing legal frameworks and the evolving AI technologies, especially in relation to data collection, data anonymization, and consent management. The paper recommends the need to reform existing laws to be up to date with the evolving capabilities of AI. The paper concludes that the growth of AI in relation to personal data privacy presents both opportunities and challenges.

정보사회인 우리나라에서는 매년 수많은 사람들이 주택·상가·토지 등의 다양한 부동산을 거래하고 있다. 이러한 부동산거래과정에서 작성된 계약서 등에는 주택의 위치·가격·대출정보 등과 같은 개인부동산정보가 적시되어 있다. 이처럼 사적이고 민감한 개인정보가 기재된 개인부동산개인정보가 무단으로 수집·저장되고 무분별하게 해킹·거래되는 등의 여러 문제들이 발생하면서 우리 헌법이 개인에게 보장한 사생활의 비밀과 자유 등의 헌법적 가치가 침해될 위험성이 점증하고 있다. 무엇보다 개인부동산개인정보에 포함되는 성명·주소·주민등록번호·부동산소유자·부채정보·금융정보·부동산실내영상정보 등은 그 종류가 매우 다양할 뿐만 아니라 그 정보 하나하나가 개인에게는 상당히 민감하고 사적인 정보들이 주를 이루고 있기 때문에 개인부동산정보가 무분별하게 침해될 경우 「헌법」상 국민에게 보장하고 있는 사생활의 비밀과 자유 등의 기본권이 심각하게 훼손될 위험성이 매우 크다. 이러한 점에서 개인부동산개인정보가 무분별하게 침해되는 것을 방지함으로써 국민의 사생활의 비밀과 자유 등과 같은 헌법적 가치가 충실하게 보호될 수 있도록 함으로서 우리 「헌법」의 규범적 효력이 현실과 괴리되지 않고 충분히 발휘될수 있는 헌법국가를 실현해야할 필요성이 크다. 그러므로 본 연구를 통하여 정보사회가 도래한 우리나라에서 개인부동산정보처리과정에서 나타난 여러 가지 문제점들을 법제도적인 측면에서 분석하는 동시에 개인부동산정보를 실질적인 보호방안을 모색·살펴봄으로서 안전한 개인부동산정보 이용사회 구축을 통한 「헌법」상 보장된 인간존엄성, 사생활비밀·자유 등의 기본적 인권이 보호될 수 있는 헌법국가를 구현하는데 기여하고자 한다.Recently many “personal real property information” which means information that pertains to a living person, including the full name, resident registration number, price·situation·loan, etc. of apartment·building and so on, by which the individual in question can be identified is continually being infringed. This kind of situation of continual encroachment of personal real property information is increasing at rapid rate. Especially, in information-oriented society, the disclosure of personal real property information such as price·situation and loan of apartment·building etc. are growing explosively. In this situation, international society come up with international norms such as 「Universal Declaration of Human Rights」·「Optional Protocol to the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights」·「Guideline for the Regulation of Computerized Personal Data Files」·「OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data」·「Guideline for the Regulation of Computerized Personal Data Files」·「OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data」 for the protection of personal information such as personal real property information. And also, in the Republic of South Korean, 「Personal Information Protection Act」 is legislated for the protection of personal information such as personal real property information. But, the dangerousness of infringement of personal real property information by national organization or licensed real estate agent or real estate agent office or korea association of realtors is still existed in Korea. Thus, the management and protection of personal real property information is very important for the protection of freedom and rights of each individual and the dignity and value of each individual. Therefore this study is aimed at researching on the purpose of reaching of the protection of constitutional value such as freedom and privacy of personal life, human dignity and so on. Ultimately, constitutional information society is expected to realize when personal real property information enable to be protected in quality.

In wealthy countries such as Australia, learning and teaching practices in schools have become increasingly digitised as educational technology (EdTech) initiatives gather momentum. This digitisation inevitably involves rendering many dimensions of students’ bodies, activities and practices into digital data formats across learning areas: including health and physical education (HPE). These data can be used by schools and third parties to conduct surveillance of students’ bodies and learning. This article draws on findings from a project involving interviews with HPE teachers in a diverse array of schools located in eastern Australia about the ways they were using digital technologies for pedagogical purposes. The interviews included questions concerning to what extent the teachers were aware of personal data security and privacy issues related to their students. While the use of datafication technologies such as apps and wearable devices for HPE teaching was common among our participants, for the most part, these teachers were not considering issues such as who could gain access to students’ personal information and how these data might be breached or exploited by third parties. These findings are discussed within the broader contexts of young people’s personal data privacy rights and schools’ role in protecting students’ information.

Personal data privacy is a crucial aspect of information management. Strategic information management must consider the data security and must take all the necessary practices to ensure personal data protected in a closed or open network environment. Data privacy legislation has been formulated by the government to ensure the ethics of handling sensitive information such as personal, banking and another aspect of information like health and medical information must be according to law stipulated by the acts. Malaysia as a growing electronic government provider in the region has adopted several legislation to ensure the enforcement of the data protection achieved the international standard to ensure global recognition especially by international business in enhancing foreign direct investment (FDI) and to protect local enterprises.

Problem setting. In order to build an innovative society, it is necessary to develop legal norms and regulators aimed at protecting privacy and controlling personal data. In addition, the need to ensure effective and reliable protection of personal data in the conditions of rapid technological development, globalization and the growing threat of cybercrime is becoming more urgent. The need for the development of legal norms, the introduction of innovative technologies and the raising of public awareness become important tasks for ensuring privacy and protection of personal data. The study also aims to identify and analyze the main challenges facing the field of personal data protection, such as cybercrime, hacker attacks, globalization and cross borders. Legal norms and regulations aimed at protecting privacy are also analyzed, as well as the potential opportunities of new technologies that can increase the level of protection of personal data. Аnalysis of recent researches and publications. The problems of legal protection of personal data have recently become the subject of research by an increasing number of scientists, both lawyers and representatives of other fields of knowledge. In particular, such scientists as: S. Hlibko, T. Egorova-Lutchenko, K. Yefremova, O. Korvat, V. Kokhan, M. Haustova devote their attention to the study of these issues. etc. Purpose of the research is to develop possible ways of legal protection of personal data in view of today’s challenges related to this issue. The article aims to consider the development of technologies and the growth of the volume of personal data as the main factors affecting the need for effective protection of privacy and security of this data. The article is aimed at expanding the understanding of the problem and providing recommendations for improving the protection of privacy and security of personal data in the future. article’s main body. According to the preamble to the Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union on the participation of Ukraine in the European Union program “Digital Europe” (2021-2027), the important supporting role of digital infrastructure, including in the field of cyber security, is recognized to ensure inextricably linked transformation processes and digital leadership of the European Union. The purpose of concluding the Agreement is to establish mutually beneficial cooperation in order to strengthen and support the deployment of reliable and secure digital capabilities in the Union in the field, including cyber security. It is recognized that mutual participation in each other’s programs for the implementation of digital technologies should ensure mutual benefits for the Parties, while observing a high level of data protection, digital rights, etc. In accordance with paragraph 12 of Article 2 of Annex III to the Agreement, the exchange of information between the European Commission or OLAF and the competent state authorities of Ukraine must take place with due consideration of confidentiality requirements. Personal data included in the exchange of information must be transferred in accordance with the current legal norms on data protection of the Party making the transfer. According to paragraph 49 of the preamble of Regulation (EU) 2021/694 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 29, 2021 on the establishment of the Digital Europe Program, digital transformation should allow citizens to access, use and securely manage their personal data across borders, regardless of their location or data location. According to point 60 of the preamble, by providing a single set of rules that are directly applicable in the legal systems of the Member States, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 guarantees the free flow of personal data between Member States and strengthens the trust and security of individuals, two indispensable elements of a true Digital Single Market . All actions taken within the framework of the Program, which involve the processing of personal data, must contribute to the smooth implementation of this Regulation, for example, in the field of artificial intelligence and distributed ledger technologies (for example, blockchain). These actions should support the development of digital technologies that meet data protection obligations both by design and by default. In addition, according to paragraph 69 of the preamble, this Regulation respects fundamental rights and adheres to the principles recognized in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular regarding the protection of personal data, etc. In the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2016/C 202/02) dated June 7, 2016, Chapter II “Freedoms” contains Article 8, which is entitled “Protection of personal data”, according to which it is assumed that everyone has the right to the protection of personal data data concerning him. Such data must be processed fairly for specific purposes and on the basis of the consent of the person concerned or on another legal basis established by law. Everyone has the right to access the data that has been collected about him and the right to correct it. Compliance with these rules is subject to control by an independent body. In addition, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data establishes rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data, as well as rules, relating to the free movement of personal data, and protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons and, in particular, their right to protection of personal data. Today in Ukraine, the main legislative act in this area is the Law of June 1, 2010 No. 2997-VI “On the Protection of Personal Data”. Article 11 of the Law of Ukraine “On Information” specifies what information about a natural person (personal data) is. In turn, the legal and organizational bases for ensuring the protection of the vital interests of a person and citizen, society and the state, national interests of Ukraine in cyberspace, the main goals, directions and principles of state policy in the field of cyber security, the powers of state bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, individuals and citizens in this area, the basic principles of coordination of their cyber security activities are defined in the Law of Ukraine “On Basic Principles of Cyber Security of Ukraine”. In addition, relations in the field of information protection in information, electronic communication and information and communication systems are regulated by the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Information in Information and Communication Systems”. In turn, the Concept of the development of e-governance in Ukraine, as well as the Law of Ukraine “On the National Informatization Program” defines e-governance. In addition, in 2021, the Law of Ukraine “On Public Electronic Registers” was adopted, which defines the State electronic platform for maintaining public electronic registers. On April 18, 2023, by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Regulation on the information system “Software platform for the deployment and support of state electronic registers” was approved, as well as the Procedure for using the software “Software platform for the deployment and support of state electronic registers”. conclusions and prospects for the development. The protection of digital personal data requires the development of appropriate technical and regulatory tools, as well as judicial practice of prosecution for violations of the order of their use. It is possible to create a database or registry for private electronic/digital platforms, with the help of which or which would control their activities, including regarding the protection of personal data. At the same time, at the regulatory and legal level, it is necessary to provide that a mandatory condition for the creation and functioning of an Internet platform is its registration in such a database / such a register, and a mandatory condition for registration is confirmation of technical capabilities to ensure the protection of personal data of platform users. It is necessary to define at the regulatory level the list and mechanisms of acquisition of digital rights, their implementation, protection, compensation and responsibility for their violation. The protection of personal data should be considered one of the digital rights of a person and a citizen. The development of digitalization in a legal state must inevitably be accompanied by the development of the legal framework, in particular, the emergence, consolidation, definition and protection of digital rights of individuals and legal entities. Digital rights are a multifaceted category, they become connected and interwoven with other rights defined and established in the norms of different branches of law. The multifaceted nature of the “digital rights” category implies the separation and delimitation of various categories of digital rights, their distribution into appropriate types, for example, “personal digital rights”, “financial digital rights”, etc. It should be quite natural to form a separate element in the general system of law, such as digital law, as a set of legal norms regulating social relations related to the circulation of (including personal) data in digital networks.

The article discusses the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and personal data privacy. Artificial Intelligence which emerged in the 1950s with Alan Turing's question "Can Machines Think?" has achieved significant successes in recent years, particularly in the development of human-like machine designs. The advancement of AI is closely related to the collection of big data, which in turn involves gathering more personal data. In today's context, marked by increased philosophical discussions about freedom and heightened emphasis on the individual, the issue of personal data privacy has become considerably important, accompanied by numerous challenges. Despite the existence of many national and international legal regulations regarding data privacy, there lacks a regulation overseeing the development processes of related technologies. Artificial Intelligence is often classified into categories based on its technical capabilities, namely "Narrow AI," "General AI," and "Superintelligence." AI has attracted significant attention in philosophy and has brought about interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from logic and aesthetics to law, ethics, medicine, and even art. In the face of emerging technologies, it seems inevitable that philosophy will initiate new research trajectories. The paper examines these three concepts related to AI, their connection with the concept of privacy, the issues arising and potentially arising in the realm of personal privacy, and the measures to mitigate these risks. The methodology employed includes a literature review and qualitative data analysis. The research reveals that the notion of privacy is mainly linked to ensuring the security of personal data related to technological advancements and the changing perception of privacy in individuals. However, it's observed that these studies often do not encompass current developments. The paper endeavors to answer questions such as: What do the terms "AI, Narrow AI, General AI, Superintelligence, and Personal Data Privacy" refer to? Have studies been conducted on the relationship between AI concepts and personal data privacy? What are the risks associated with personal data privacy, and how can these risks be mitigated? The study aims to highlight the risks in the development processes of AI as increasingly vocalized by scientists working in this field. It delves into issues such as the collection and storage of personal data, often unbeknownst to individuals, through cloud technologies and the potential problems arising from the use of this data in AI training. The article also discusses potential solutions to these issues. Drawing attention to recent developments in this scope is of paramount importance for social scientists, and disseminating information about these advancements is crucial. Based on the examinations and analyses conducted, it's determined that AI, now possessing new competencies, requires an interdisciplinary approach to address the areas it influences. It's found that leaving this field solely to engineers would result in numerous problems in the near future. Safeguarding privacy in the face of intelligent machines that encompass every aspect of our lives is a formidable challenge. Reducing potential problems necessitates individual awareness, legal regulations concerning AI development processes, and recognizing that AI technologies causing issues can also be part of the solution.

The development of technology accelerated the digital transformation of information systems. As a consequence of this digitization, data became available at any time and in any place. However, despite this ease of data accessibility, persons’ privacy concerns and threats to data privacy have emerged. Thus, serious privacy problems arise while collecting, storing, accessing, sharing, and archiving personal data. Consent management aims to prevent these problems by preserving privacy and protecting personal data. Hence, there are international treaties and legal regulations for personal data protection which state that consent is required to collect, store, manage and share personal data. In this study, a Semantic Web-based personal consent management model is proposed to protect personal data privacy. The proposed model is domain-independent and aims to control and manage the consent of a person. In order to provide the privacy protection of personal data, the proposed model allows individuals to establish their privacy preferences by determining who can access their personal information, for what purposes, and under what circumstances. For this purpose, a group of ontology is created to ensure the informed consent process. The proposed consent management model is generic. As similar to general personal information, personal health information is also sensitive and must be protected from data leakage. Therefore, the proposed generic model is implemented with Semantic Web technologies and demonstrated for the healthcare domain.

Healthy Data Protection

This research addressed the importance of a sensitive issue that concerns all members of society, which is personal health data and information, which means of information and communication technology (ICT) have become playing an important, even essential, role in preserving, storing and processing them, which requires the necessity of preserving the privacy of that data and information from any attack that may occur. or accessed by persons who may misuse it, causing harm to the owner of that data.The aim of this research is to clarify the role of the Emirati legislator in protecting the privacy of personal health data processed electronically, as it became clear to us that the legislator worked to establish the necessary controls that frame the use of information and communications technology means in a way that ensures the preservation of the privacy of personal health data. It also stressed the protection of private information and data. The patient is considered to be of a confidential nature, and is prohibited from using and accessing it except after obtaining written consent from the patient or his/her legal representative, in addition to cases that the legislator has excluded for economic, scientific, social, or judicial purposes. Finally, the penalty resulting from breaching the rules for protecting such data has been stated.

In an increasingly fast-paced and connected digital era, the protection of personal data privacy has become a very urgent and complex issue. Information and communication technologies have facilitated the widespread collection, storage and distribution of personal data, presenting new challenges to the protection of privacy rights, particularly in Indonesia. This phenomenon is exacerbated by various cases of data leakage and misuse of personal information that emphasize the importance of a strong and effective legal framework to protect individual privacy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations, such as Article 26 of the ITE Law and PP PSTE, in protecting personal data privacy in Indonesia, and to examine the draft personal data protection law (RUU PDP) which is expected to provide more comprehensive protection. The research method used is a normative juridical approach, with literature study as the main tool for collecting data. The results show that although the existing regulations already provide an important legal foundation, there are still weaknesses in implementation and law enforcement. Lack of public awareness about privacy rights, as well as weak law enforcement against data privacy violations, are the main obstacles in the protection of personal data privacy. The conclusion of this study is that improvements in regulation, stricter law enforcement, and better education to the public are needed to improve the protection of personal data privacy. The PDP Bill is expected to address some of these weaknesses by providing a clearer and more comprehensive legal framework.

<p>本混合法研究檢視2020年初臺灣媒體報導新冠肺炎疫情假訊息內容，分析數位防疫之個資、隱私與資安議題呈現趨勢及新聞框架運用。大數據分析顯示：有別於西方報導，臺灣疫情假訊息新聞甚少關注防疫個資與隱私，對資安議題較為重視。公衛危機新聞框架內容分析結果發現：科技防疫報導最常用行動框架，後果與保證框架次之，負面框架（衝突與不確定）較少。個資、隱私和資安報導，及大部分新聞框架選擇，隨著疫情時期變化，呈現顯著性差異。</p> <p> </p><p>As COVID-19 was the first global pandemic of the digital age, many countries utilized information technologies and big data as technological epidemic prevention measures which led to controversies regarding personal data misuse, privacy invasion, and security risks. The mixed-method study used big data and content analysis to examine Taiwanese news reports related to personal data, privacy, and security issues in early COVID-19 outbreak. In contrast to Western studies, the results revealed that Taiwanese media reports, under infodemic influences, emphasized the importance of data security over that of protecting personal data and data privacy. Based on news framing of public health crisis, content analysis results showed the dominant use of action framing was followed by consequence and assurance framing, whereas negative framing (conflict and uncertainty) was rarely employed. The news reports about personal data, privacy, and security found statistical differences among three epidemic periods, as did their selection of news framing.</p> <p> </p>