Abstract
Application of chlorine for protection of drinking water in distribution system is not well established for the Dangila town. The study was conducted to assess chlorine dosing and model for residual chlorine using Water CAD software. The necessary dates were collected using primary and secondary sources. The existing maximum residual chlorine concentration at sample point 6 through the samples by 1.5 kg/m 3 chlorine dose with 3 ml/s flow rates was found to be 0.17 mg/l. Even, it was less than the minimum recommended WHO and ESA standard (0.2mg/l). The amount of total Coliform was found 5 colonies per 100ml and pH (8.68-9.1) and the remaining main chemical water quality parameters that analyses were found within WHO & ESA limits. In order to model the residual chlorine content 3 scenarios were developed. Scenario I and II were developed with 0.6 mg/l chlorine dose with 26 ml/s flow rate and 0.5 mg/l chlorine dose with 22 ml/s flow rate, respectively. In both scenarios residual chlorine concentration was recorded above the maximum limits (0.5mg/l) around the injection point which is a bit higher than the maximum limit, while 4 sample points got less than 0.2mg/l. Scenario II, all residual chlorine results were below 0.5 mg/l, but still the farthest 4 sample points got lower than 0.2mg/l. To solve the above problem Scenario III was developed with three injection points at reservoir, Junction 4 & 55`` within 0.45, 0.15 and 0.2 mg/l chlorine dose to keep the residual chlorine concentration acceptable. Therefore, installing two additional chlorine injection points were the best solution that identified from the analysis. Keywords : Residual chlorine, Water quality and Water CAD DOI : 10.7176/CER/12-1-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
Highlights
A human can survive for weeks without food, but it only a few days without water
3.2 Assessment of Existing Microbial and Residual Chlorine Dangilas town water quality analysis as the Water, Energy and Irrigation Guideline office 2009 E.C reported that, the town WSDS have shown not detected with coliforms
Bacteriological to be safe in drinking water supply system, fecal and total coliforms must be null at any 100ml drinking water samples
Summary
According to Clark, 2012 water should be free from chemical and biological contaminants(Males, Grayman et al 1988). Millions of people, children, die from diarrhea caused by contaminated drinking water. Water related diseases include waterborne infections such as cholera, typhoid, infective hepatitis and schistosomiasis. Disinfection is an important step to ensure that water is safe to drink. In water supply system, adding disinfectants to destroy microorganisms that can cause disease in humans is common. According to chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant for the inactivation of waterborne pathogens in drinking water supplies and historically has questionably made the greatest contribution to the public health protection of consumers (Bolton and Cotton 2011);(Yee, Abdullah et al 2006);(Post, Atherholt et al 2011, Soyupak, Kilic et al 2011). Chlorination is a relatively simple and cost effective process which does not require extensive technical expertise and which is capable of dealing with supply systems of varying size by altering dosing systems or storage for chemical contact
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