Abstract
Most of developing countries suffer from decreasing and poor quality of drinking water which led to emergence of many dangerous diseases. In addition, there isn’t any methodology followed to predict and disinfect drinking water by using advanced software program. Maintaining water quality in the water distribution system has become a prominent issue in the study of the water network. Residual chlorine concentration is the indicator to ensure the quality of water in the water network because it eliminates contaminants in the distribution network beginning of the treatment plant down to the consumer. In collaboration with Alexandria (Egypt) Water Company, samples were taken from El-NOZHA water plant station and El-HADARA water distribution network to know the free residual chlorine. In this paper, WaterCAD software has been used to make hydraulic analysis and calibration of residual chlorine in water distribution network to know the ideal chlorine dose that should be added at the water treatment plant and to know the areas of strength and weakness in the concentration of free residual chlorine in the water distribution network. In addition different scenarios have been found to know the free residual chlorine at the weakness areas after injecting chlorine in some junctions and the impact of a fire case or breaking in the water pipe distribution network on the residual chlorine. Results showed ensuring in the water quality in the distribution network by adding chlorine dose in water less than the existing dose which has been added in the El-NOZHA water treatment plant. It is possible to maintain the percentage of free residual chlorine concentration at different locations without relying on adding chlorine only in water treatment plant by injecting low percentage of chlorine dose in the junctions.
Highlights
This research focuses on the water quality control by measuring the residual chlorine concentration in water distribution system and calibrates the doses system to reach the optimal chlorine dose
Alexandria water networks are mixed between two systems (Grid-Iron & Dead-End system); this is due to the urban extension there are many zones with dead ends or tree system
Results of Residual Chlorine at WaterCAD after Adding the Actual Residual Chlorine in Water Treatment Plant (WTP). This part shows the results of residual chlorine in water distribution system before calibration by adding the same dose of residual chlorine which was added in the water treatment plant, to know the difference between the existing and software results
Summary
Alexandria city consists of six districts (Table 1) in addition to Burj Al Arab city. These districts are divided into sixteen administrative sections. The Alexandria total area is 723,271 acres of which 73,392 acres is a construction area and represents 10.15% from the total area of the province. The other areas are deserts lands, agricultural land and surface water (Lake Mareotis) [5]. In 2007 the total population was 194.206 which represent about 32.3% of the total population of the middle district. The section consists of six subsections; it’s called Sheyakha. The total population for each subsection is shown in (Table 2) [6]
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