Abstract

Application of chlorine for drinking water security in the water supply distribution network for the Dangila town is not well managed. The study was conducted by the help of Water CAD software to evaluate the chlorine dosing and residual chlorine model. The necessary data were taken from primary and secondary sources. Three scenarios were developed for modelling the residual chlorine content in the distribution system. Two scenarios were produced with chlorine dose of 0.6 mg/l at a flow rate of 26 ml/s and chlorine dose of 0.5 mg /l at a flow rate of 22 ml/s, respectively. Residual chlorine concentration above normal limits (0.5 mg/l) was recorded in both scenarios around the injection point whereas four sample points were below 0.2 mg/l. Scenario II, all residual chlorine values were lower than 0.5 mg/l but still lower than 0.2 mg/l at the farthest four sampling points. In order to solve the above problem, A third scenario was developed with three reservoir injection points, Junction 4 and 55'' within 0.45, 0.15 and 0.2 mg/l of chlorine in order to maintain appropriate residual chlorine concentration. Hence, the best solution identified from the analysis was the installation of two additional chlorine injection points.

Highlights

  • A human can survive for weeks without food, but it only a few days without water

  • Except for pH, the critical chemical water quality parameters that analyses such as CaCO3, Mg, F, NO3, NO2, Mn, Fe and Chloride were found within WHO & ESA limits that have no significant adverse impact on the residual chlorine

  • It was found that the disinfection with 1.5 kg chlorine dose solution by 3 ml/s flow rates were not full disinfect all the distribution systems

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Summary

Introduction

A human can survive for weeks without food, but it only a few days without water. Each year millions of people die from diarrhoea caused by contaminated drinking water, especially children. Due to water-related, diseases include waterborne infections such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis-infection and schistosomiasis. Disinfection is an essential step towards ensuring that water is safe to drink by adding chlorine (Niazi et al, 2017). It is common to add disinfectants in the water supply system to destroy microorganisms that can cause disease in humans (Zaki et al, 2012). Chlorine is the most common disinfectant used to inactivate waterborne pathogens in drinking water supply and has usually served the most significant contribution to consumer protection and public health (Post, Atherholt, 2011; Soyupak et al, 2011; Yee et al, 2006)

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