Abstract
AbstractIt has been observed that emulsions transferred from a processing solution to hard wash waters show less swell than they would if transferred to distilled water. In hard waters an initial rapid swell is followed by de-swelling. This phenomenon has been studied in a more general context. It is concluded that the direction of the change in the swell of the gel layer on passing from one bath to another, at equal temperature, is the resultant of several influences. The first response of the gel to a reduction in the concentration of a contained solute is to swell, though equilibration to the lower concentration of that solute may bring the layer finally to a lower level of swell. Conversely, the first response of the gel to an increase in concentration of a solute is to de-swell, even though equilibration may be reached at a greater level of swell. According to the balance of the rates and directions of action of the out-going and in-coming solutes, transient peaks or depressions may appear in the swe...
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