Effect of industry on the content of fatty acids in the tissues of the honey-bee head

V Y Vyshchur,N V Magrelo,V A Kolotnyskyy,L O Tarasenko,V I Kushnir,T O Pundyak,N P Nyschemenko,P K Boiko,T Velesyk,B M Kalyn,M S Khimych,I M Kushnir,B V Gutyj,O P Gubash,V Z Salata

doi:10.15421/2019_76

Abstract

The tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden demonstrate the decrease in the contents of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden. Due to the activity of saturated fatty acids with the even and odd number of carbon atoms in chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families, the contents of anionic fatty acids, which are inaccessible for the bee body, decreases in the tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden. 3. Monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families in the tissues of the head of honey bees lead to increase of the total number of easily accessible non-esterified fatty acids for the honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden. Furthermore, the intensity of transformations of the non-esterified form of linolenic acid in its more long-chain and more unsaturated derivatives rises in the head tissues of the former. This fact indicates that the reduction of technogenic impact on the area results in the increase of the activity of desaturase in the tissues of the head of honey bees. The contents of heavy metals, anionic and non-esterified fatty acids in the tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas with low level of technogenic burden undergoes the most significant changes.

Highlights

The industrial, agricultural, energetic and transport development, as well as the intensive extraction of minerals lead to an increase of heavy metal contents in the air, water, soil, plants and pollen (Conti & Botre, 2001; Gutyj et al, 2016; Khariv & Gutyj, 2016; Martyshuk et al, 2016; Gutyj et al, 2017; Gutyj)
It was discovered that the levels of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium are likely to decrease in the tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas of a medium and low level of technogenic burden and stated that in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in the area with a high level of technogenic burden (Table 1)
The tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden demonstrate the decrease in the contents of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden

Summary

Introduction

The industrial, agricultural, energetic and transport development, as well as the intensive extraction of minerals lead to an increase of heavy metal contents in the air, water, soil, plants and pollen (Conti & Botre, 2001; Gutyj et al, 2016; Khariv & Gutyj, 2016; Martyshuk et al, 2016; Gutyj et al, 2017; Gutyj). The activity of a number of enzymes which take part in the elongation of the carbon chain of fatty acids and the formation of unsaturated bonds in it depends on copper and zinc.The amount of fatty acids that are found in the pollen, tissues of honey bees and bee products in anionic form depends on the main mineral elements, including heavy metals, and to the greatest extent – bivalent ones. The latter affect the biological value of feed and beekeeping products, primarily pollen, cerago and honeycombs (Bogdanov et al, 2007). Taking into account all mentioned above, the study of the contents of heavy metals, anionic and non-esterified forms of fatty acids in the tissues of the head of honey bees dependent on the level of anthropogenic pressure on the environment is of significant scientific and practical interest (Vishchur et al, 2016; Brodschneider & Crailsheim, 2010)

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