Abstract
The transport infrastructure influenced the wildlife and landscapes by the direct destruction of biotopes. The main impacts are paving the road or water canal, chemical pollution of the environment by vehicle engine emissions, petrol, oil and lubricant, flushing of contaminants and anti-ice chemicals with rainwater and dust forms of chemical compounds; isolation of individual parts of biotopes, populations, organisms or dividing ecosystems into parts (fragmentation); collisions of living organisms with vehicles; changing of landscapes, influencing the hydrological network; oppression of internal species. It is indicated that each mode of transport pollutes the environment, but a significant advantage - 85% of all the pollution is carried out by road transport. Accordingly, the main measures to prevent the negative impact of transport on the environment should be the following: improvement and implementation of the legal mechanism regulating the reduction of harmful effects of mobile sources on the air and effective public administration to reduce mobile sources' harmful effects air. This strategy should be focused on the basic principles of sustainable development. It is proved that satisfaction of transport needs should not conflict with environmental and health priorities and disrupt future generations' interests.
Highlights
Ukraine is located at the intersection of migratory routes of many types of wild animals
Many wild animals are dying on the roads, which fall under cars' wheels or collide with them in flight
In Central Arizona (USA), building underpasses and bridges for animals' passage is situated along highways of state significance, representing a high probability of collisions with wild animals
Summary
Ukraine is located at the intersection of migratory routes of many types of wild animals. Destruction of the natural environment occurs because of land plowing, deforestation with a subsequent change of land use, drainage or watering of territories, intensification of the transport and road complex, and fragmentation of landscapes, industrial, housing, and summer cottage construction. It is worth highlighting of transport system from limiting factors on wild animal populations. It is necessary to pay attention to multiple studies on the impact of transport on the environment Among such studies, it is advisable to distinguish the following authors' works: D. The work's analytical basis is the legislative of the state regulating transport impacts on the environment, scientific achievements of domestic and foreign researchers, and public authorities' statistical data
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