Abstract

In the past few years the availability of low-cost, high-performance digital configurable devices [digital signal processors (DSP) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) above all] has extended the application of digital signal processing to a larger field of instrumentation. In particular, the phase-sensitive detection (PSD) technique, which is at the heart of lock-in amplifiers, substantially benefits from digital implementation, especially by the use of configurable devices, both in terms of architectural efficiency and achievable performance. In this paper we describe the design and realization of a digital lock-in amplifier devoted to high-performance photon counting applications based on a PSD section implemented in a FPGA device. Among the main features of the proposed digital instrument are reconfigurability, a wide range of operative parameters, very large functional performances, and extremely low cost. The prototype has been experimentally tested and the results fully comply with the goal design specifications.

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