Abstract
Huge amount of organic waste is generated on a daily basis. The uncontrolled disposal of organic wastes generates harmful substances and causes environmental pollution in the environment. Pollutants that pose a risk to environment and public health are: chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, pesticides, nuclear waste, e-waste, hydrocarbons, etc. Organic wastes are treated in many ways; among them bioremediation, thermal decomposition and chemisorption are the most commonly used ones. Biochemical conversion processes are mainly applied to wastes with higher moisture content. Biological treatment methods are designed to control the conversion of waste into useful counterparts. The main purpose is degrading and converting pollutants to less toxic forms. In this book chapter, we have focused on examining the current state of research and challenges for various bio-waste treatment technologies. We explore the suitability of biological treatment methods under various environmental conditions.
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