Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are concerned worldwide as newly emerging contaminants since their proliferation can bring about serious environmental and public health issues. Organic wastes such as activated sludge, animal manures, and food wastes are generated in large quantities and recognized as significant reservoirs of ARGs. Moreover, treatments for converting organic wastes to fertilizers or soil modifiers are biological processes involving aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria (e.g., anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, and vermicomposting) that possess a possibility of being a new spot for ARGs proliferation. For better handling, treating and recycling of the organic wastes to meet the sustainable development goals by 2030, current knowledge gaps including the behavior of ARGs organic wastes during treatment and efficient treatment approaches for eliminating the antibiotic resistance needed to be bridged. For this, this chapter aimed to propose an overview of established studies on the occurrence, fate, and behavior of ARGs in various organic wastes during different biological treatments, as well as the current elimination strategies, hence providing critical insights for mitigating the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in the total environment.
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