Abstract
After cellulose, lignin is considered the second-most abundant biomass on the Earth. It is obtained as a byproduct of chemical pulping and biorefining processes, being considered a waste. Currently, the major application of lignin is in generating steam and electricity. However, lignin for value-added materials has attracted attention owing to its properties such as chemical reactivity, UV shielding, antibacterial, biodegradability, and antioxidation properties. Lignin has also been used in different materials to enhance mechanical strength and elasticity. Over the past few years, some studies have focused on applying lignin in hydrogels for various applications, upgrading them into functional materials. Given potential applications of lignin-based hydrogels, this chapter focuses on the most recent progress in preparation, properties, and their salient accomplishments in sensors and biosensors, agriculture, tissue engineering, and water treatment.
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