Abstract
The cardiovascular system acts like a well-trained orchestra, where exosomes play a role in paracrine and autocrine signaling. Exosomes derived from various cell subtypes, ensure the cell-to-cell communication in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. These exosomes, found in all biological fluids, are involved in the stimulation of endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis and cardiac/blood vessels repair upon injury in physiological and pathological conditions. This chapter reviews the role of exosomes in a variety of cardiovascular and vascular neurodegenerative diseases. These roles vary from biomarkers to endogenous cargos and therapeutical bioengineered transfer systems. Possible benefits conferred by exosomes in the cardiac regeneration and repair are also discussed.
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