Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) were used as the initial cell population for examining cell therapy in heart failure patients because of their accessibility and their heterogeneous composition of stem and progenitor cells. A myriad of clinical trials of unfractionated BMCs and selected BMC populations have shown the safety of cell therapy in these patients. Although potential efficacy of this approach has been demonstrated, the benefits of BMC therapy in heart failure patients have been limited and varied. Nevertheless, these clinical trials have provided the foundation upon which the field of cell therapy can advance. Here, we present a discussion of those trials and the future direction of stem cell therapy in patients with heart failure.
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