Abstract
Accounting for metabolism in a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is important from a pharmacokinetics perspective. Hepatic and extrahepatic enzymatic biotransformations occur across species and are usually dependent upon age and perhaps sex. Metabolism is either linked causally to toxicity or detoxification. In this chapter, brief descriptions of experimental methods are given for how quantitative metabolic studies are conducted and how the information is used in PBPK models. A challenging simulation exercise is provided for the chemical bisphenol A (BPA), which undergoes extensive hepatic and extrahepatic Phase II conjugation. Phase II conjugation is an inactivation step for BPA.
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