Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is exploding worldwide. This global surge is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, most notably degraded nutrition habits. Genetic susceptibility to the disease is high, pointing to the importance of nutrient–gene interactions. Nutrigenomics contributes to an understanding of the influence of diet on the control of gene expression in tissues involved in insulin production and action. Molecular mechanisms for macro- and micronutrients with a strong impact on type 2 diabetes, have been described mostly through activation of nuclear receptors. In humans, the best-studied dietary interventions are hypocaloric diets, with investigations into adipose tissue gene expression profiles. Here, we also highlight current limitations in human nutrigenomics studies devoted to type 2 diabetes and future prospects.
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