Abstract
Viruses infecting radish and turnip are transmitted through at least 89 aphid species. These insects transmit in two ways: persistent and nonpersistent. Vectors of persistent viruses keep viruses inside their bodies for a long time and molt to keep them infective. Vectors of nonpersistent viruses acquire and maintain viruses in their stylets for a brief amount of time before molting or feeding on an uninfected plant, and viruses are rapidly lost after molting or feeding on an uninfected plant. The turnip yellow mosaic, turnip crinkle, turnip rosette, and radish mosaic viruses are all beetle transmissible viruses that cause no symptoms in cultivated radish seedlings.
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