Abstract
This chapter considers the epidemiology and etiology of insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders (delayed sleep–wake phase disorder) and common parasomnias (sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and nightmares) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For each sleep disorder, diagnostic criteria are described (noting any differences between DSM-5 and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders), causal factors are considered and prevalence data are presented along with a more general evaluation of the role of potential risk factors for sleep disturbances, such as age, sex, presentation of ADHD, and co-occurring mental health conditions. Relationships between sleep disturbance and ADHD are likely multiple and multidirectional making this a challenging area to research. Limitations with existing data prevent firm conclusions but do suggest that children with ADHD are at increased risk of insomnia and certain parasomnias and may also be at increased risk for some circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders. Co-occurring mental health problems also appear to confer increased risk for sleep disturbance.
Published Version
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