Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder. It is a polygenic disorder with multifactorial etiology, including genetic and environmental factors. Onset occurs in childhood, but symptoms usually persist across developmental stages into adult life, at least to some extent. A range of cognitive deficits are seen in ADHD, underpinning the substantial functional difficulties experienced by individuals with the condition. Management includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Comorbidities such as sleep problems are common and contribute to the impairments. These need to be identified and addressed alongside ADHD symptoms. ADHD is associated with an increased risk of negative long-term outcomes however, with support many patients thrive and have successful lives.
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