Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential structural components of cellular membranes and play an extremely important role in nervous cell functions. In the present Chapter, attention is focused on the role of ceramide and its metabolites in neurogenesis, neuronal maturation, apoptosis and the development of brain pathology. The beneficial action of fish oil n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3 PUFAs) on neuronal cells is often associated with reduction of elevated levels of proapoptotic and proinflammatory ceramide. The dietary effects n–3 PUFAs on ceramide accumulation in brain, cognitive dysfunction, as well as brain tissues sensitivity to insulin action, will be analyzed. Much attention will be given to the possibility of improvement in age-dependent and age-associated brain pathologies by fish oil. The mechanism triggering sphingolipid metabolism in the neuronal cells by fish oil n–3 fatty acids will be discussed.
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