Abstract
This chapter presents some basic concepts and terminology concerning computer systems. The four relationships AND, OR, NEQ, and NOT can be used to define all the logical and arithmetical operations of digital computers. The binary system is the name given to the two state systems, and it is as much the natural system for electronic digital computers as the decimal system is for humans with 10 digits on their hands. The physical units of a computer system, also known as hardware, consist of two main types of units: (1) central units and (2) peripheral units. The central units of a computer include the control unit that controls the other units, the arithmetic unit, which performs the logical and arithmetical operations on data, and the internal storage. The peripheral units put data into the computer, get data out of it, and store files of data externally for later use. Complementary to the hardware of a computer system is the software. Software consists of the programs that instruct the computer to perform certain operations in a specified sequence, and the instructions to the human operators of the system that enable them to use it.
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