Abstract
These days nanoscale biomaterials are of great interest due to their unlimited potential to improve human health as hard tissue engineering materials. Tissue engineering combines the disciplines of materials science and engineering with biology and involves the application of the materials to induce tissue regeneration. The overall purpose of tissue engineering is to control the cellular interaction with synthetic engineered materials for the treatment of structurally degenerated organs in the human body. In bone tissue engineering (BTE), metals and polymers typically remain separated from adjoining bone structures causing a mismatch in functional properties between bone tissue and artificial implants inducing several clinical plights, such as, wound infection, morbidity, and desorption of adjacent bone. Bioceramics are used as reasonable alternatives with enhanced biocompatibility and capacity to form a strong chemical bond to adjacent bone. This chapter abridges the fundamentals of BTE, current state of the techniques, the recent developments of bioceramics, and approaches used to enhance bone regeneration.
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