Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an important research branch of tissue engineering and has been a hot field of bone defect repairs for several decades. This concept involves three main parts, including isolated cells, tissue-inducing substances, and scaffolds. Several natural and synthetic scaffolds are now available for bone tissue engineering. These scaffolds show various good properties, but fall short in bioactivity. Recent publications imply that the application of nanobiomaterials eliminates these adverse properties, mimic nanostructure of bone, and show higher bioactivity. This chapter starts with an introduction to the characteristics and applications of conventional biological scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering. Properties of nanobiomaterials and applications of nanostructured scaffolds, such as nanoscale inorganics/organics composite scaffolds, nanofibers, and nanostructured delivery systems in bone tissue engineering, are emphatically discussed. Future challenges of the application of nanostructured scaffolds in bone tissue engineering will also be presented.
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