Abstract
The necessity for power flow studies is explained. Real and reactive power flow equations are derived. Bus classification is given. Specified and computed variables are identified for each type of bus. Gauss–Seidel and Gauss–Seidel iterative methods are explained. Newton–Raphson method in rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates format is described. Sparsity of network admittance matrices is discussed. Triangular decomposition and optimal ordering methods are highlighted. Decoupled load flow and fast decoupled load flow methods are explained. Load flow solution using Z bus is also explained. The convergence characteristics as well as the merits and demerits of the methods are discussed.
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