Borassus aethiopum Ripe Fruits’ Dried Pulp as a Feed Additive for Coturnix coturnix japonica Egg Yolks Coloration

Background: Cases of diabetes are on the rise in almost every population and without proper management and control the burden of the disease will continue to rise globally. Vitamins and minerals play significant roles in the management of diabetes and studies have shown the hypoglycemic effect of quail's egg. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Coturnix japonica (Quail) egg on serum glucose and some serum B-vitamins and mineral elements in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of alloxan (80mg/kg body weight). Coturnix japonica egg was administered orally at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight per day for four weeks to the experimental animal groups. Serum glucose was significantly decreased

The essay assessed <i>Borassus aethiopum</i> (B.a</i>) ripe fruits’ dried pulp effect on egg yolk coloration. First, thirty-six Harco laying hens, 42 weeks old with similar weight (α=0.05) were allotted in 12 cages of 4m² (2m x 2m, respectively for length x width) each. Second, 4 laying hens’ diets were formulated; a yellow corn-based diet (YC), a white corn-based diet (WC), a white corn-based diet supplemented with 10% of <i>B.a</i> mature fruits’ dried pulp (WC+10%<i>B.a</i>), and finally a white corn-based diet supplemented with 20% of <i>B.a</i> ripe fruits’ dried pulp (WC+10%<i>B.a</i>). During the evaluations, similar eggs for weights were analyzed. As a result, rich pigment diets formed a group and produced the heaviest egg yolk compared to the WC diet, for 13.94+0.16 g versus 13.64+0.16 g. Whereas, WC diet delivered the heaviest albumin weights, 31.92+0.33 g versus 29.27+0.33 g for WC+10%<i>B.a</i> which had the lightest weight. Looking at eggs’ yolks color, Roche yolk color fan distinguished just 2 levels whose were the pale egg yolk from WC graded 1, and the intense colored yolks group graded 6. A spectrophotometer reflectance method helped for better yolks color distinctions. The yolks’ yellow colors from WC+10%<i>B.a</i> (b*=52.29), WC+20%<i>B.a</i> (b*=52.49) and YC (b*=52.22) were similar (p=0.7278). But, the WC+10%<i>B.a</i> diet egg yolk color was significantly higher than that of WC (b*=20.70; p<0.0001). In conclusion, <i>Borassus aethiopum</i> mature fruits’ dried pulp can be incorporated into laying hens feed as natural pigments’ source.

Introduction: Various studies have shown that the effects of the action of drugs, in addition to having positive effects, they can also provoke negative effects in different organs of the body. Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel antagonist with anti-arrhythmic (PR-interval prolongation), angina, and antihypertensive effects. Its mode of action in cardiovascular diseases is somewhat well elucidated. Verapamil has been successfully used for both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular indications and appears not to have a major effect on blood pressure in non-hypertensive populations. Animal studies show that Verapamil is highly concentrated in tissue, including lung, with concentrations 40-fold or higher than those in plasma. Verapamil has also neuroprotective effect in several acute neurotoxicity and nephroprotective effect against lead and cadmium toxicity. Purpose of the paper: This paper aims to study the effects of verapamil as a calcium channel blockerat different stages of embryonic development in Coturnix japonica eggs. The research of this paper will consist of the toxic effect and macroscopic and microscopic histopathological changes in certain stages of embryonic development of Coturnix japonica eggs. Material and method: The experiment was conducted in the Scientific Laboratory of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia and in the Institute of Ecological and Technological, University of Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia. In the study, 22 fertilized Coturnix japonica eggs were taken and incubated in the incubator for 16 days of incubation. The eggs were treated with Verapamil at certain stages of embryonic development. The eggs hatched on day 17. Using the stereomicroscope with the macroscopic and microscopic method were analyzed ontogenetic changes in certain stages of embryonic development. Results: The growth development of egg embryos was observed and studied. On the 17th day, the eggs were hatched. In addition to the effect on the weight of the injected eggs, an abnormal embryonic development was observed, with macroscopic defects and in many cases, stagnation of embryotic development. Conclusion: High injection doses of the antibiotic should not be usedbecause of its harmful effects. The use of antibiotics in Coturnix japonica eggs should be done with caution. The use of Verapamil with the dosage of 0.2mL did not yield successful.

Cold and immobilization stressors can generate oxidative stress as well as skeletal muscle fatigue. Free radicals cause oxidative degradation of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates molecules thereby compromising cell integrity and function. Coturnix japonica (quail) egg had been described as being very functional biochemically, due to the essential biomolecules it contains in very regulated quantity. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of quail egg yolk and the albumen. The assessment of the antioxidant potentials was typified using the total antioxidant capacity, and ABTS, DPPH (1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities. Others are reducing power, metal chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The antistress activities of quail egg yolk and albumen were evaluated on hepatopathic enzymes as well as endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The total antioxidant activities of the yolk extract (YE) and the albumen extracts (AE) were, respectively, 186.57 ± 6.441 mg/g and 172 ± 10.690 mg/g AAE (Ascorbic Acid Equivalent). The YE exhibited significant, potent and appreciable antioxidant activities than AE in a concentration‐dependent manner. The study confirmed that quail egg yolk contained highly antioxidative bioactive compounds not present in albumen, contributing to its (yolk) overall antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory (antistress) properties, thus necessitating their (albumen and yolk) beneficial effects in the management of oxidative and inflammatory conditions.

On April 28, 2001, we found an unidentified egg in an artificial nest in Highlands County, FL. The artificial nests used in this study contained one Coturnix japonica (quail) egg and one tethered clay sham egg. The unidentified egg was added to the nest between days 12 and 18 of exposure. The quail egg was unmarked, but the sham was covered in small beak markings suggesting that a bird had manipulated it. Molothrus ater (Brown-headed Cowbirds) and M. bonariensis (Shiny Cowbirds) occur in the area, but Brown-headeds are far more common; however, we never observed either species near this particular artificial nest. An mtDNA sequence (300 base pairs of cytochrome b) amplified from this egg was compared to DNA sequences from GenBank, and we found a nearly perfect sequence match with the Brown-headed Cowbird. Parasitism by these birds in unattended and artificial nests is unusual, especially when host activity is not mimicked by researchers. This is the first record of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism...

On the central Appalachian Plateau, evergreen trees and shrubs often dominate riparian vegetation. In contrast, deciduous trees dominate upland forests. To evaluate an important aspect of habitat suitability for Neotropical migratory birds, we placed artificial nests baited with a Japanese quail (Corturnix coturnix japonica) egg at regular intervals along successively upland transects paralleling Poplar Lick Run and Little Savage River, Garrett County, Maryland. Nests were alternated between 0–0.5 m and 1–2 m heights and were exposed for 12 days during each of four trials in 1990, and 12 days during each of six trials in 1991. Egg predation was typically higher within 50 m of these streams than farther from them. Although artificial nests may not truly represent natural nests and the losses incurred by nesting birds, our results should alert land managers and conservationists to a potential problem and stimulate further research into the suitability of existing, evergreen riparian zones for nesti...

Industrial feeds for rabbits are expensive in Cote d’Ivoire because the fibre sources are imported. So, in the aim to promote rabbit farming and decrease their feed cost, Borassus aethiopum ripe fruits’ dried peels and fibrous pulp (B.a) were used as fibre sources in the local growing rabbits’ diet. The essay assumed that B.a could be accepted by growing rabbits, and could positively impact their growth and immune system. Then, obtained from nulliparous does, one hundred and twenty (120) local growing rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), weaned at week-5, were selected to form a homogeneous group regarding the weights. Following this, four diets were created, with a control without B.a (0%B.a), and three test diets named 20%B.a, 25%B.a and 30%B.a accordingly. The growing rabbits were randomly allotted in groups of 30 between the 4 diets. The experiment lasted 9 weeks. In week 14, 6 animals with homogeneous weights were slaughtered per diet, comprising 3 females and 3 males. Beginning with an overall mean weight of 775,2 g on the weaning day, at week-9, the overall weight reached 1,828.06 g. In detail, diet 20%B.a got the highest weight for 2,090.62 g while diet 0%B.a allowed 1,557.12 g (p&lt;0.0001). Moreover, the corresponding consumption indexes were 5 and 7.74 for 20%B.a and 0%B.a diets, respectively. Following the red blood cells’ count was improved from 4.05*106/µL with diet 0%B.a to 4.8*106/µL (p=0.011) with diet 20%B.a. So, B.a ripe fruits’ dried peels and pulps can be used as fibre sources for local growing rabbits' feeding.

Background: Antimicrobials of plant origin have a huge therapeutic prospective and can efficiently be used to treat infectious diseases with reduced or no side effects as related to using synthetic antimicrobials. A potential plant-based antimicrobial is that obtained from Borassus aethiopum. The anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, antipyretic and anti-venom properties of extracts of B. aethiopum plant have been reported in literature these past few years.Objective: The antimicrobial property and phytoconstituents of aqueous ripe fruit extract of B. aethiopum were investigated. Methods: The ripe fruit extract of B. aethiopum was prepared by macerating the mesocarps of the fruits and then screened for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. The extract’s antimicrobial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method against Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33495, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Chloramphenicol mixed with tetracycline was used as a standard antibacterial agent (Positive control). Sterile distilled water was used as diluent for reconstituting the aqueous extract. Results: The aqueous extract revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The antibacterial activity revealed that at 30%, 40% and 50% w/v (0.3g/ml, 0.4g/ml and 0.5g/ml) of the extract, all the test bacterial strains were susceptible to the aqueous ripe fruit extracts of B. aethiopum. Conclusion: Ripe fruit extracts of B. aethiopum was rich in phytochemicals and exhibited potential antibacterial activity against all seven bacterial strains used%%%%This article is published in Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research and also available at DOI: 10.9734/JOCAMR/2018/44495%%%%KNUST

Aims: To measure their possible beneficial contributions on the rabbits’ health, Borassus aethiopum ripe fruits’ peels and combined peel-pulp were dried at 60, 65, 70 and 75oC.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: On January and February 2023, Borassus aethiopum ripe fruits were collected within the graduate school of agronomy at the National Polytechnic Institute Felix Houphouët Boigny in Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire.&#x0D; Methodology: The unspoiled fruits were peeled. One sample was composed of peels without the pulps, and a second was composed of peel and pulp combined. Following, they were dried during 5 days in ovens. Then, the products were crushed, and sieved. Thereafter, the products were extracted with distilled water through maceration and decoction for 1 hour. Afterwards, total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), condensed tannins (TC) contents, and antioxidant activity (AOA) were assessed.&#x0D; Results: The best extracts were obtained through decoction. Moreover, the peels presented the highest TP extract for 0.082+/-0.001 mg GAE/g at 70oC. Whereas the lowest TP extract was observed in the combined peel-pulp dried at 70oC for 0.067+/-0.001 mg GAE/g. However, concerning the TF, the peel-pulp dried at 75oC gave the best extracts through maceration, for 0.0450+/-0.007 mg QE/g. Globally, results revealed that the peels contain higher flavonoid contents than the combined peel-pulp. Regarding AOA, the extracts had much higher free radical scavenging capacity in the peels than in the combined peel-pulp parts. The highest antioxidant activity was observed with the peels dried at 70oC for 6.653+/-0.075 μmol TE/g, while the lowest value was observed with the combined peel-pulp dried at 70oC for 1.996+/-0.075 μmol TE/g. With condensed tannins, the best output was obtained with the peel dried at 60oC for 0.468+/-0.003 µg CatE/g.&#x0D; Conclusion: Borassus aethiopum ripe fruits’ parts can be dried between 65 and 70oC. So, they could be good sources of fibres and phytochemicals for rabbits’ diets.

Enhanced yolk testosterone influences behavioral phenotype independent of sex in Japanese quail chicks Coturnix japonica

The relationship between eggshell color, hatching traits, fertility, mortality, and some qualitative aspects of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs

Leukocyte numbers in hemorrhaged Japanese quail after microwave irradiation in ovo

Leukocyte numbers during the humoral and cell-mediated immune response of Japanese quail after microwave irradiation in ovo

The Effect of Dried Fruit of Solanum Sodomaeum on Japanese Quail and S.C. White Leghorn Cockerel Chicks

We studied the effects of forest patch size and forest edge structure on nest predation in a boreal coniferous forest landscape. The following predictions were tested. Nest predation should be higher in small than in large stands, in edges than in interior areas of forest stands, and in barren forest/clear–cut edges created by forestry than in natural forest/open marsh edges. Four types of artificial above ground nests (total of 261) were used; open cup nests with reindeer Rangifer t. tarandus hair, open cup nests with domestic hen Gallus domesticus feathers, and unlined open cup and nest–box nests. Nests were baited with one Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica egg. Nest–boxes were depredated significantly less than open cup nests of all types. No edge‐ or stand size–related nest predation was found. The predation rate, regardless of the nest type, did not differ relative to the edge type and vegetation characteristics. However, better horizontal visibility of open cup nests due to more open vegetation structure increased predation risk in man–made edges compared to inherent edges. The results suggest that edge–related nest predation is absent or weak in forest dominated landscapes. This may be due to predator types present in the landscape and/or predators habitat use in forest dominated areas. Therefore, it might be that findings documented in other areas, such as in agricultural dominated landscapes, cannot be directly applied to managed forest landscapes.