BioActivities of Coturnix japonica (quail) egg yolk and albumen against physiological stress.

Emmanuel O Ibukun,Gideon O Oladipo

doi:10.1002/fsn3.397

Abstract

Cold and immobilization stressors can generate oxidative stress as well as skeletal muscle fatigue. Free radicals cause oxidative degradation of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates molecules thereby compromising cell integrity and function. Coturnix japonica (quail) egg had been described as being very functional biochemically, due to the essential biomolecules it contains in very regulated quantity. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of quail egg yolk and the albumen. The assessment of the antioxidant potentials was typified using the total antioxidant capacity, and ABTS, DPPH (1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities. Others are reducing power, metal chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The antistress activities of quail egg yolk and albumen were evaluated on hepatopathic enzymes as well as endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The total antioxidant activities of the yolk extract (YE) and the albumen extracts (AE) were, respectively, 186.57 ± 6.441 mg/g and 172 ± 10.690 mg/g AAE (Ascorbic Acid Equivalent). The YE exhibited significant, potent and appreciable antioxidant activities than AE in a concentration‐dependent manner. The study confirmed that quail egg yolk contained highly antioxidative bioactive compounds not present in albumen, contributing to its (yolk) overall antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory (antistress) properties, thus necessitating their (albumen and yolk) beneficial effects in the management of oxidative and inflammatory conditions.

Highlights

A vast amount of research has been conducted to understand the intricate cascade of events that occur once the brain detects a disruption in homeostasis and the hormonal responses driven by these systems (Thomas and Lena 2010; Kyrou and Tsigos 2009; Charmandari and Tsigos 2005)
When the hypothalamus is triggered by a stressor, corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH or CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are secreted, eliciting both the production of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) from the posterior pituitary and the activation of the noradrenergic neurons of the locus caeruleas/norepinepherine (LC/NE) system in the brain
172.04 ± 10.690 mg/g Ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE), respectively, these results revealed that the yolk extract (YE) had higher antioxidant activity than albumen extract (AE)

Summary

Introduction

A vast amount of research has been conducted to understand the intricate cascade of events that occur once the brain detects a disruption in homeostasis (a stressor) and the hormonal responses driven by these systems (Thomas and Lena 2010; Kyrou and Tsigos 2009; Charmandari and Tsigos 2005). The production of CRH and ACTH fluctuate in a predictable circadian cycle and are inhibited by high levels of blood cortisol via a well-described negative feedback loop Experimental and clinical evaluations are specific for a wide range of body changes called adaptation syndrome, which are predictable rhythm and responses of the HPA axis (Thomas and Lena 2010). Cold immobilization stress called immobilization stress and cold-restraint stress had been described by Popovic et al (2009) as experimental induction of very extreme condition which cannot be carried out on human, but believed

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