Abstract
본 연구는 유아의 유용성 신장을 위해 디자인 교육과정에서 유용성의 구성요소를 파악하고 이를 기초로 유아의 유용성 척도를 개발하여 척도의 타당성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 2개의 척도영역과 30개 문항을 선정하고, 경북 경남 유치원 교사, 어린이집 교사 250명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 211부로 척도의 양호도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 문항 양호도에서는 평균(M>4.5, M<0.5)이 지나치게 작은 표준편차(SD<.50)를 보이는 문항은 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 문항 변별도에서는 모든 문항이 상 하위 집단 간 유아 유용성 수준에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 둘째, 척도 양호도를 알아보기 위한 탐색적 요인분석에서는 이론적 하위개념 척도인 ‘실용적 표현능력’, ‘개인적 배려’ 및 ‘집단적 배려’와 상응하였으며, 선택된 문항은 총 분산에 대한 60%이상의 충분한 설명력을 보여 구인타당도가 매우 적절하게 나타났다. 확인적 요인 분석을 통해 모형 신뢰도와 적합성을 검증한 결과에서는 모형 적합성 TLI 및 CFI 지수 모두 .90 이상으로 나타났으며, RMSEA는 90% 신뢰구간 상한 <.10 으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유아 유용성 척도 모형의 전체 신뢰도는 Cronbach α계수 .92로 높은 신뢰도를 보였으며, 각 구성요인들의 신뢰도 역시 Cronbach α계수 모두 .86 이상으로 나타나 높은 신뢰도를 가진 것을 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 유아 유용성 척도는 유아의 유용성을 종합적으로 평가하기에 양호한 척도로 나타났다.The purpose of this study is to develop usefulness scale early childhood in the design education process. To achieve this, previous studies and literature related to usefulness were analyzed, and preliminary questions about usefulness were selected. After the questions were reviewed and revised by early childhood education experts, two scale areas and 30 questions were selected. To determine fitness of usefulness and adequacy of scale fitness in the 30 questions, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 250 teachers working at kindergartens and day-care centers in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Rejecting responses with insincere answers, 211 questionnaires were analyzed. As a result, question reliability and adequacy which are used to determine question fitness, had a mean of(M>4.5 and, M<0.5), but there were no questions with a standard deviation that was too small (SD<.50). In terms of the discrimination of questions, all questions had statistically significant differences in the level of child usefulness between highand low-ranked groups (p<.001). Secondly, according to the exploratory factor analysis on scale fitness, three factors in the questions for assessing usefulness were equal to the theoretical lower-concept scale: “practical expression ability”, “personal consideration”, and “collective consideration”. The selected questions had enough explanatory power (more than 60% for variance) so that construct validity was very appropriate. According to the confirmatory factor analysis on model reliability and goodness of fit, the Tucker-Lewis index(TLI) and comparative fit index (CFI) were more than .90 and the upper limit of the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was <.10 at the 90% confidence interval. Therefore, the scale is expected to be used for early childhood more consistently importantly in the future.
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