12 - Five-membered Heterocycles (fused)

Abstract

This chapter discusses the reactions of five-membered heterocycles (fused) and a brief overview of their uses as herbicides and fungicides. Azafenidin acts as a herbicidal peroxidizer that is used for broad-spectrum grass, and broadleaf in citrus, grapes, and olive orchards. Benlate (Benomyl) and Carbendazum are used as a fungicide. When benlate is degraded by the singlet oxygen photoreaction either in methanol or in aqueous hydrochloric solutions, carbendazim is identified as a major degradation product. Carbendazum by itself is used as a systematic fungicide; insect mites are exposed to the fungicide. Cinmethylin is a broad-spectrum pre-emergent herbicide, and is used in control of various weeds in soybeans, nuts, peanuts, and cotton. Cloransulam methyl is a herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds in soybean. Fluthiacet methyl is a herbicide and is used in the promotion of the iealcage of electrolytes from cotyledons of velvetleaf (Abtilon theophtasti Medic) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis in cotyledons of velvetleaf and cotton. Indole is used to reduce sewage sludge. Methabenzthiazuron is used as an herb for grain and vegetables, including peas. Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, Methylthiobenzothiazole, Omeprazole, Pindolol, and Skatole are the other compounds that are discussed.