Abstract
Purpose: to determine the ecological and toxicological state of various types of chernozems in Rostov region by the content of mobile forms of heavy metals. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on irrigated areas of Semikarakorsky, Matveevo-Kurgansky, Neklinovsky, Salsky, Veselovsky districts of Rostov region. The soils were sampled in layers of 0–20, 20–40 cm and analyzed using the method of measuring the mass fraction of mobile forms of metals by atomic absorption. Results. The content of mobile forms of the determined metals (zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, copper) was not found to be higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The rows of the determined metals were constructed according to their share of the MPC in the 0–20 cm layer, which showed that cadmium (from 0.2 to 0.4 MPC), lead (from 0.05 to 0.12 MPC) and nickel (from 0.04 to 0.17 MPC) are closer to MPC in all chernozems of the studied regions of Rostov region. Pollutants were found in the chernozems of Salsk region in the smallest amount, except for copper (0.09 MPC). The content of copper in soils 0.04–0.35 mg/kg indicates its low and stable distribution in the studied soils, except for Veselovsky district, where the analysis showed values below the detection limit, which may indicate a lack of copper as a trace element. According to the soil grouping for ecological and toxicological assessment by the content of mobile forms of heavy metals, they belong to the 1st group, i.e. the soils contain pollutants below the MPC and are suitable for the cultivation of all agricultural crops. Conclusions. The ecological and toxicological state of soils of the surveyed areas by the content of mobile forms of zinc, lead, nickel, cadmium and copper is assessed as satisfactory.
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