РОССИЙСКИЕ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ОСАДКОМ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД

Abstract

Purpose: to analyze the best practices for sewage sludge management both in our country and abroad. Discussion. The qualitative composition of sewage sludge varies depending on the wastewater composition, the characteristics of treatment facilities and the treatment methods used. The choice of sludge disposal method depends primarily on environmental and social factors. The environmental factor is determined primarily by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and helminths, heavy metals and biogenic substances. The problem with helminths and pathogenic microorganisms is solved by disinfection and stabilization of sewage sludge. The problem with heavy metals is solved by their immobilization. The biogenic composition of sewage sludge, and primarily the nitrogen and phosphorus content, predetermines its fertilizer value for crop production. The main negative component that determines the quality of sewage sludge is the presence of heavy metals in them. The statistical data on the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge from various countries are presented. The social aspect determines the availability of agricultural areas, appropriate technologies, demand for a certain type of resource, as well as economic indicators of the result obtained. Conclusions. Currently, in world practice there is no consensus on the permissible content of pollutants in sewage sludge when they are used as fertilizers. The Russian standards are no exception, which require scientifically based revision to improve the requirements for the sewage sludge quality for their further use in the country's agriculture.