Abstract
In this paper, we analyzed the ecology and development of various types of pests, how they multiply in the latest crop rotations in modern farming systems. The species composition of insect-phytophages of agrobiocenosis of winter wheat in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was also clarified. It should be emphasized that a close relationship was also established between the levels of productivity and heat supply of plants and the main pest phytophages in the forest-steppe zone. The study revealed the features of biology and ecology of pests of stalks and the root system of winter wheat, as well as separate mechanisms of formation of entomocomplexes in agrocenoses, depending on the number of soil, intra-stem phytophages and colossus pests. We analyzed the distribution and harmfulness of the phytophagous insect population in modern agrocenoses. Special attention in the development and implementation of integrated methods for the control of winter wheat pests deserves a forecast, in particular, to determine the expected grain losses in modern crop rotations of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The culture of farming is disturbed in places, in particular, short-crop rotation is introduced, and monocultures are grown. Such violations of traditional, scientifically grounded crop rotations lead to unpredictable consequences, and promote the mass reproduction of specialized and 2 other species of pests and damage to them up to 40% of cereals, which significantly affects the reduction of gross fees and the deterioration of the quality of the crop. At the same time, special importance is attached to the highly effective application of the latest technologies for monitoring phytophages and progressive systems for protecting crops from pests. The analysis of the effectiveness of modern monitoring of the pest complex under new winter wheat protection systems was carried out. On the stairs of wheat found cereal flies, aphids and other pests. The main ecological and biological features of the formation of the entomocomplex of winter wheat emergence are determined. Features of monitoring and control of harmful insect species on winter wheat crops in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. The analysis of the effectiveness of modeling the number of harmful and useful species of insects on the resource-saving protection systems of winter wheat. Specific features of biology and ecology of pests of stems and root system of wheat winter in the region of research are specified. The features of the formation of the entomocomplex in agrocenoses vary according to certain indices, in particular, the numbers of soil and intestinal phytophages, taking into account the radius of their daily movement. For effective management of crop production, it is actual to determine the total need of pests in the diet with the actual population of species at different stages of ontogeny of cereals. Application in the production of resource-saving models for calculating the dynamics of phytophages on crops of cereal crops by hydrothermal coefficient at different periods of plant and phytophagous development, which makes it possible to determine the quantitative changes of an individual entomocomplex on crops of grain crops in time 3 and space. In modern systems of agriculture in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the development and introduction of complex methods for controlling winter pests of winter wheat, which determines the expected loss of grain in the fields of crop rotation, is of great importance.
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