Вихід високоякісного насіння кукурудзи в залежності від густоти стояння рослин

Abstract

Studied the question of the optimal density of standing plants parent forms of corn, as the self-pollinated lines and simple interline hybrids in areas that affect hybridization yields and their seed productivity. The research was conducted during 2014-2017 in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine in the LLC Agrofirma Kolos of the Skvyra district of the Kyiv region. Field experiments included options for studying the effectiveness of the plant density of parental forms of corn: simple hybrids, Rist SV, Rushnik SV, Richka S (75, 85 and 95 thousand / ha), self-pollinated lines UR 9 zS, UR 331 SV, UR 12 zS 85, 95 and 105 thousand hectares). According to research results, the density of plant standing significantly influences the formation of individual productivity of parent forms (hybrids) of corn. It was established that the highest values of the mass index of 1000 grains were all formed by the density of stems of 75 000 / ha. Increasing the density resulted in a reduction in the mass of 1000 grains. The analysis of the results shows that there is a connection not only between the moisture content of the grain and the density of the seed, but also the morphological characteristics of the hybrids of corn. It was noted that when the density of sowing increased, the moisture content of corn grain was naturally elevated. The lowest percentage of moisture was low in grain with a density of 75 000 / ha, and the most humid one was a density of 95 000 / ha. It has been established that the recommended plant densities contribute to the formation of higher yields, low harvesting moisture and increased yield of conditioned seeds. Key words: corn, sowing norms, parental forms, self-pollinated lines, hybrids, seed productivity, seed moisture, weight of 1000 grains, yield of conditioned seeds, climatic conditions. Conclusions: As a result of studies found: - optimum standing thick which makes it possible to get the highest yield of certified seed of hybrids for Rist SV and Rushnyk SV, density is 75 thousand / ha; - for hybrid Richka S, self-pollinated lines UR 9 zS and UR 12 zS- 85 thousand / ha; - for self-winded line UR 331 SV - 95 thousand / ha; To obtain high yields of corn seeds, the above hybrids and self-pollinated lines should be grown at the recommended standing density.