Продуктивність короткоротаційної сівозміни з різними бобовими культурами на чорноземі типовому

Abstract

Goal. To analyze results of long-term research in productivity of different short field crop rotations in conditions of left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific and special: long-term field — to determine quantitative performance metrics of short crop rotations, and analytical. Results. They determined the yield of crops in crop rotations, as well as the calculated productivity of different 4-filed rotations. The positive role is emphasized by leguminous predecessors for leading grain crop of Ukraine — winter wheat. It is revealed that the use of pea, lentil and vetch-oat mixture in the short crop rotation increases the yields of winter wheat and root crops of the 3rd culture of crop rotation — sugar beet. The influence of crop rotations on crop yield in the 4th year of the rotation (spring barley) is somewhat reduced. The role of fallow in the crop rotation is known. Numerous studies have established that in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening the best precursor for winter wheat is clean fallow. The fallow makes it possible to prepare the soil, retain enough moisture and nutrients in the form available to plants practically at any weather conditions. This helps to obtain high yields of winter wheat, but the productivity of the 4-field crop rotations with this precursor is greatly reduced. This primarily happens due to the lack of products in the field of clean fallow. Conclusions. In the conditions of unstable moistening of the left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on typical chernozem, the higher output of food-protein units was got in the crop rotations with soybean, pea, lentil and vetch-oat mixture. The worse indices were got in the rotation with Lathyrus sativus L. The low productivity had short crop rotations with silage maize and beans. Studies revealed a significant reduction in the productivity of crop rotation with a clean fallow. It provided minimal productivity due to the lack of production in the first field.