СТВОРЕННЯ КОМПОЗИТНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДВАЛЬНИХ МАС ТА ДОННИХ ВІДКЛАДЕНЬ

Abstract

Introduction. The coal industry is a supplier of a large mass of waste. In Ukraine, more than 1,000 waste heaps have been formed, the number of which is increasing every year. Waste heaps pollute the environment and can have a toxic effect on its condition. Such objects occupy areas of fertile land, pollute the atmosphere, water resources and flora. Problem Statement. The active work of the coal industry has led to the accumulation of large amounts of waste rock. Dumps occupy large areas of land, can pollute the atmosphere during combustion, emitting more than 500 thousand tons of harmful substances. The use of mine rock today is quite low, although such vivals can be considered as a valuable raw material resource. The waste rock has high filtration rates, for effective use it is necessary to be able to regulate the characteristics of the substance created on the basis of the rock. At the same time, water resources in Ukraine are in a difficult situation due to the development of blue-green algae, which causes the accumulation of a large amount of silty masses. Purpose. Creation of composite soils by a combination of empty mine rock and silty masses that will allow their effective use in various spheres of activity. Physico-chemical characteristics of such soils can be adjusted depending on the given conditions. Materials and methods. A comprehensive approach was used in the work, which includes a critical analysis of literature sources, a study of the characteristics of waste heaps of the coal industry, silty masses from reservoirs. Results. As a result of studying and analyzing the literature, it was found that composite soils can help solve a number of current problems. These include: the use of composites as a basis for roads, provided that the composites act as waterproofing; the use of composites to improve agricultural land, by improving soil properties. Conclusions. It is set that creation of composite soils positively will affect the state of environment and economy of country. Composites will allow the effective use of substances that are currently considered waste. This will reduce the amount of industrial waste, as well as solve a number of problems, such as erosion and degradation of agricultural land and asphalt defects. Keywords: mine dumps, coal industry, pollution, silty masses, composite soils.