Экспериментальное определение давления насыщенных паров дизельного топлива

Abstract

Introduction. The processes of storing petroleum products in tanks are accompanied by operational losses of the stored product. As a result, various emergency situations may occur, which causes a high fire hazard of tank farms. One of the main parameters determining the level of fire danger of "large" breaths during storage of petroleum products in tanks of vertical steel tank type is the amount of pressure of their saturated vapors, which has a decisive influence on the size of zones of explosive concentrations formed in tank farms when the vapor-air mixture is displaced during pumping tanks. This leads to explosions and fires at production facilities, which can have catastrophic consequences. Currently, new brands of petroleum products with insufficiently studied physico-chemical and fire-hazardous properties are emerging, which makes it difficult to assess the fire and explosion hazard of the object of protection. The values of saturated vapor pressure of petroleum products presented in regulatory documents and reference literature differ significantly from each other and do not allow an objective assessment of the fire hazard of the protected object. Goals and objectives. Experimentally determine the saturated vapor pressure of modern diesel fuel brands for further use of this indicator in assessing fire danger and determining the magnitude of fire risk at industrial facilities. Methods. In the course of the study, analytical and experimental methods for determining the pressure of saturated diesel fuel vapors were used. Results and their discussion. The pressure of saturated diesel fuel vapors was determined experimentally. It is established that the values of the saturated vapor pressure of diesel fuel are different and vary in a wide range. The analysis of the data on the pressure of saturated diesel fuel vapors obtained by analytical and experimental methods was carried out, as a result of which it was found that the calculated value of the investigated indicator of the fire and explosion hazard of diesel fuel is approximately 9 times less than the value obtained experimentally. Conclusion. The analytical method does not require large material costs. The experimental method is more expensive and time-consuming, however, it allows us to obtain more reliable values of the pressure of saturated vapors of petroleum products. Therefore, the experimental method for determining this indicator of the fire and explosion hazard of petroleum products is more preferable. Keywords: saturated vapor pressure; the constants of the Antoine equation; diesel fuel; experimental research.