ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРОЦЕССА ЭВАКУАЦИИ ДЛЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ

Abstract

Introduction . Many cultural heritage objects are multifunctional historic buildings with protected architectural and constructional solutions contradicting fire safety requirements. Safe evacuation should be provided for such objects with high occupancy, but it’s complicated by various occupant groups (children, foreigners, disabled people). Development of evacuation training guidelines for cultural heritage objects is necessary. Methods . People in fire evacuation should follow strictly defined routes, according fire evacuation plans. This makes evacuation training for personnel necessary. Evacuation trainings for personnel are regularly organized in State Hermitage Museum. Fire safety commission develops annual scheduled plan and training plan, evacuation training results are estimated in review. Evacuation training for personnel and visitors was organized in Winter Palace of State Hermitage Museum on tha 5th April 2018. Museum personnel, emergency service, Russian National Guard coordination, people evacuation and rescue, cultural property salvage, fire protection systems condition, completeness with emergency firefighting equipment and first aid treatment were checked. Results and discussion . Evacuation training was organized according to plan, it was succeeding at goal. Visitor evacuation training time didn’t exceed normative and calculated. But it’s necessary to take into account that people behavior at real evacuation may vary and make stream movement difficult. Conclusion . Evacuation training procedure improvement can be organized by investigation of people stream movement, analysis of high occupancy time intervals, especially for various-aged children. Such analysis should include museum visit statistical data.