Обзор международных нормативных документов, регламентирующих правила пожарной безопасности для объектов исторического и культурного наследия

Abstract

Introduction. Fire protection system design for cultural heritage objects inRussian Federation is regulated by normative documents and regional construction norms. Russian Federation Government Regulation on 29.06.2017 No. 774 approved using of check-lists at planned inspection for protected objects, with key issues concerning obligatory requirements for safety of health and life, cultural heritage objects, environment, including potential external hazards (natural and man-made emergency situations). Check-lists are also used by museums presenting their collections for temporary and touring exhibitions. Check-list data allow estimating of accepting museum condition. Check-list use in international normative documentation is analyzed in this work. Methodical materials . Documents developed by CFPA and NFPA are considered. Results and discussion . In common these lists include fire compartmentation, fire and smoke spread restriction, safe evacuation, fire protection systems at the object. Some documents present information on potential hazard, which can be used for probabilistic fire risk assessment at the object. Probabilistic approach is based on rational comparison of fire hazard factors, human safety level, expected damage and loss and finally fire protection costs. NFPA standards also present scenario for fire protection estimation method at cultural heritage objects. Various aspects are ranked in points, and objects are grouped by expert assessment. Recommendations and remedial measures are developed for each group. Conclusion . Check-lists analyzed in the paper (or developed on basis of them) can be included in Code of practice for fire protection of cultural heritage objects, with consolidation of fire safety requirements in normative documents and Regulation development experience for such objects.