Исследования характеристик пожарной опасности паркетов исторических объектов с массовым пребыванием людей

Abstract

Introduction. To find out the influence of historical parquet floor on the safe evacuation of people in cultural heritage objects, it is necessary to carry out a mathematical modelling of fire hazard propagation with the initial parameters of the existing combustible load. The purpose of the article is to consider the experimentally derived fire hazard characteristics of historical wood compared to the required values for flooring on evacuation routes and in museum halls. To compare the values of the smoke-developed index and the net heat of combustion with those available in the reference literature. M aterials and methods . To study the fire hazard characteristics of historical floor coverings, the dies of existing parquet floor with a service life of about 160 years in the halls of the Winter Palace at the State Hermitage Museum were selected as specimens. Experimental determinations of the indicators were carried out on the appropriate test equipment using standard methods. Results and discuss ion. Analysis of the results of the research shows that the fire hazard characteristics of historical wood do not meet the legally established requirements for floor coverings in halls in terms of their smoke-forming capacity and flammability, and in corridors and foyer halls in terms of their smoke-forming capacity . The smoke-forming capacity values obtained experimentally differ from the reference values used to calculate the dynamics of the build-up of the DFF in the buildings of museums and exhibitions. In addition, the values of the net heat of combustion obtained in the study differ from those given in the reference literature. Conclusions. An estimation of the results of the carried out research and the available indexes in the reference literature allows to assert necessity of carrying out of scientific experiments for definition of characteristics of fire hazard of wood of historical objects with the purpose of formation of the reference database of characteristics of fire hazard of materials, used in museums, located in palaces — objects of cultural heritage. The use of refined reference data will improve the accuracy of calculations of individual fire risk on historical objects.