ТРЕБУЕМЫЙ УРОВЕНЬ ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МУЗЕЕВ — ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ

Abstract

Space-planning decision and structural design of egress paths must provide save evacuation for people in case of fire. Some deviations from fire safety normative document requirements can be justified by fire risk assessment. But approved technique use is not always correct for cultural heritage objects: application is restricted by architectural elements which should be conserved as cultural heritage elements. These restrictions are demonstrated in the paper with the results of fire safety surveying in monastery. This object consists of premises with different classes of fire danger functionality; it’s object with large people assembly (piligrims, tourists) and object with round-the-clock presence. Conserved elements of the building don’t allow to fulfill reconstruction works, which could provide normative level of fire safety. Check-list use is analyzed in the work as the method of international normative documentation on fire safety. In general these lists include fire compartmentation, resources for restriction of fire and smoke spread in the building, safe evacuation confirmation, fire safety systems inspection. In NFPA standards scenario of fire safety evaluation for cultural heritage objects are presented. Different characteristics of the object are ranked, and objects form some groups on basis of this expert evaluation. Then recommendations and additional safety measures are developed for each group. Authors suggest cultural heritage objects classification by significance and historic structure preservation. Individual deterministic characteristic is defined for each object from the group by its marks. These values form distribution histogram for the number of objects evaluated, and required fire safety level for museums from one group is defined. Suggested method of fire safety evaluation for cultural heritage objects allows to arrange museums by fire safety level and then to develop the most effective fire safety measures based on evaluation results.