شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر تحقق الگوی برنامهریزی شهری تنوعگرا در شهر رشت با استفاده از روش نظریۀ زمینهای نظاممند

Abstract

Society today is made up of diverse individuals of varying ages, sexes, ethno-racial backgrounds, physical abilities, and faiths. Planning theory and practice has become more conscious in recent times of the need to cater for a diverse range of needs and preferences. Planning for diversity is an approach which takes into account the needs of different groups of people. A few studies around the world have addressed to introduce the approach of planning for diversity and difference and identify the factors affecting its application and realization. In our country, we are facing a vacuum of academic studies in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce this approach and identify the factors affecting its realization in Rasht based on the views of the planning experts of this city.According to the type of research problem and its statistical population, the grounded theory method has been used. To collect data, first a semi-structured questionnaire based on literature review was developed and then in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 planning experts of this city using targeted sampling method. In this study, the systematic approach of grounded theory method has been used. The systematic approach emphasizes the use of data analysis steps including open, axial, and selective coding and the development of a logical model or a visual description of the generated theory. After conducting interviews and collecting textual data, analysis and coding begin along with sampling. The textual data from the interviews were analyzed using the coding process and line-by-line analysis method in MAXQDA software. In the grounded theory, the researcher by performing multiple coding steps will extract the sub-categories, main categories and core category from the data and will continue the analysis.Finally, the factors affecting the realization of the diversity-oriented urban planning approach including 17 main categories and 59 sub-categories and the relationships between them were identified. These factors include the thinking governing the urban planning mechanism, macro-urban planning policies, changing the approach of preparing urban development plans, modifying the content of urban development plans, public demand, type of urban planning system, national laws protecting the rights of various social groups, law enforcement, cultural and social characteristics of citizens, financial strength of municipalities, structure and organization of implementing plans, inter-organizational coordination, teaching urban planning students, knowledge and experience of providers of urban development plans, City Council approvals, needs assessment, improving urban environment quality/ diversity-oriented urban environment. In this step, we select the category of using and realizing the diversity-oriented approach from the open coding stage and place it in the center of the process we are studying, as the central phenomenon and then relate the other categories to it. These other categories include causal conditions, strategies, contextual and intervening conditions, and consequences. This step involves drawing a diagram called a coding pattern. The coding pattern illustrates the relationships between causal conditions, strategies, contextual and intervening conditions, and consequences. In this stage of coding, we write a theory of the relationships between the categories in the axial coding pattern. This theory provides an abstract description of the process studied in this study, namely the application and realization of the diversity-oriented urban planning approach. The results show that a wide range of intellectual, policy, instrumental, organizational, legal, financial, educational and socio-cultural infrastructures are effective in realizing this approach. Identifying and explaining these factors is a guide for future decisions and practices of our country's urban planning authorities to recognize diverse social groups, respond to their different needs in the city and combat discrimination in urban planning practices.