Abstract
Introduction . Many cultural heritage objects are multifunctional historic buildings with protected architectural and constructional solutions contradicting fire safety requirements. Safe evacuation should be provided for such objects with high occupancy, but it’s complicated by various occupant groups (children, foreigners, disabled people). Development of evacuation training guidelines for cultural heritage objects is necessary. Methods . People in fire evacuation should follow strictly defined routes, according fire evacuation plans. This makes evacuation training for personnel necessary. Evacuation trainings for personnel are regularly organized in State Hermitage Museum. Fire safety commission develops annual scheduled plan and training plan, evacuation training results are estimated in review. Evacuation training for personnel and visitors was organized in Winter Palace of State Hermitage Museum on tha 5th April 2018. Museum personnel, emergency service, Russian National Guard coordination, people evacuation and rescue, cultural property salvage, fire protection systems condition, completeness with emergency firefighting equipment and first aid treatment were checked. Results and discussion . Evacuation training was organized according to plan, it was succeeding at goal. Visitor evacuation training time didn’t exceed normative and calculated. But it’s necessary to take into account that people behavior at real evacuation may vary and make stream movement difficult. Conclusion . Evacuation training procedure improvement can be organized by investigation of people stream movement, analysis of high occupancy time intervals, especially for various-aged children. Such analysis should include museum visit statistical data.
Highlights
Many cultural heritage objects are multifunctional historic buildings with protected architectural and constructional solutions contradicting fire safety requirements
Safe evacuation should be provided for such objects with high occupancy, but it’s complicated by various occupant groups
Fire safety commission develops annual scheduled plan and training plan, evacuation training results are estimated in review
Summary
Èíñòèòóò êîìïëåêñíîé áåçîïàñíîñòè â ñòðîèòåëüñòâå, Íàöèîíàëüíûé èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ñòðîèòåëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì íåîáõîäèìà ðàçðàáîòêà àêòóàëüíûõ ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî ïðîâåäåíèþ òðåíèðîâîê ïî ýâàêóàöèè íà îáúåêòàõ êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ. Ýòî îáóñëàâëèâàåò îáÿçàòåëüíîñòü òðåíèðîâîê ïî ýâàêóàöèè äëÿ ïåðñîíàëà. Ó÷åáíàÿ ýâàêóàöèÿ äëÿ ñîòðóäíèêîâ â Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì Ýðìèòàæå ïðîâîäèòñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî. Ïðè ýòîì íåîáõîäèìî ó÷èòûâàòü, ÷òî ïîâåäåíèå ëþäåé â óñëîâèÿõ ðåàëüíîé ýâàêóàöèè ìîæåò îòëè÷àòüñÿ îò ïîâåäåíèÿ ïðè ó÷åáíîé ýâàêóàöèè. Äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî ïðîâåäåíèþ ýâàêóàöèè íåîáõîäèìî èçó÷àòü äâèæåíèå ëþäñêèõ ïîòîêîâ, àíàëèçèðîâàòü ïåðèîäû, äëÿ êîòîðûõ âîçìîæíî ìàññîâîå ñêîïëåíèå íà îáúåêòå ëþäåé, â îñîáåííîñòè äåòåé ðàçíîãî âîçðàñòà. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ýâàêóàöèÿ ïðè ïîæàðå; ýâàêóàöèîííûå ïóòè; ýâàêóàöèîííûå âûõîäû; ó÷åáíàÿ ýâàêóàöèÿ; îáúåêòû êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ ñ ìàññîâûì ïðåáûâàíèåì ëþäåé; äåòè ðàçëè÷íîãî âîçðàñòà. Èññëåäîâàíèå îñîáåííîñòåé ïðîöåññà ýâàêóàöèè äëÿ îáúåêòîâ êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ // Ïîæàðîâçðûâîáåçîïàñíîñòü / Fire and Explosion Safety.
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