Zone VI Research Articles

Bioaccumulation of natural radionuclides in edible molluscs and associated risk from the Ashtamudi Estuary, situated in a high background natural radiation zone (HBNRA), Kerala, southwest coast of India

The study investigated various natural radionuclides, including 238U, 232Th, 210Po, and 210Pb, in edible molluscan species collected from different zones of the Ashtamudi estuary. Physicochemical and sedimentological factors played crucial roles in influencing the distribution of radionuclides in water and sediments. Notably, bivalve species, particularly those from the Cyrenidae family, exhibited significant bioaccumulation of 210Po (up to 432.8 Bq kg−1) and 210Pb (up to 121.3 Bq kg−1), with Zone VI recording the highest biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological sediment accumulation factor (BSAF). The calculated effective dose for humans consuming bivalve meat was moderate, falling above the lower end of the ICRP range of 1 mSv y−1 but well below the upper limit of 20 mSv y−1 for existing elevated radiation zones. The intake of radioactivity from some bivalves corresponded to a cancer risk of approximately 3.2 × 10−2 (total mortality + morbidity), exceeding the acceptable risk threshold reported by the USEPA. However, this level of exposure indicated that immediate action might not be necessary, especially if further dose reduction proved impractical, in line with the ICRP's approach to optimizing radiation protection.

Morphological and Microbial Diversity of Hydromagnesite Microbialites in Lake Salda: A Mars Analog Alkaline Lake

ABSTRACTLake Salda, a terrestrial analog for the paleolake in Jezero Crater on Mars, hosts active, subfossil, and fossil hydromagnesite microbialites, making it an ideal location to study microbialite formation and subsequent processes. Our understanding of this record is still limited by an incomplete knowledge of the macro‐ and mesoscale morphotypes of microbialites, along with their spatial distribution and correlation with microbial and geochemical processes that influence microbialite formation. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution, morphotypes, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbial diversity of the microbialites and identified six distinct zones (Zone I to Zone VI) with major microbialite build‐ups in Lake Salda. Newly identified microbialites were classified based on the macro‐ and mesostructures. Our work shows that the lake contains stromatolites, thrombolites, stromatolitic thrombolites, dendrolites, and microbially induced sedimentary structures. At macroscale, Lake Salda microbialites exhibit hemispheres, stacked domes, and laterally linked columnar structures while minicolumns, knobs, mesoclots, laminae, and botryoidal structures are common at mesoscale. The macro‐ and mesoscale distribution of different microbialite types spatially correlates with microbial community composition and water depth. Deep‐growing microbialites with a low abundance of Cyanobacteria (∼1%–4%) and high abundance of Firmicutes (28%–93%) exhibit steeply convex lamination, producing finger‐like minicolumnar mesostructures. In contrast, shallow‐growing microbialites with a low abundance of Firmicutes (0%–5%) and high abundance of Cyanobacteria (11%–37%) have well‐preserved gently convex millimeter‐scale lamination, resulting in cauliflower mesostructures. Palygorskite ((Mg, Al)2Si4O10(OH)) is identified in the diatom‐rich microbial layer of the deep‐growing microbialites. Regardless of the microbialite types, hydromagnesite and aragonite are present in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)‐rich zone of the shallow and deep‐growing microbialites. Overall, environmental changes (e.g., water depth and, accommodation space) play a major role in the formation and spatial distribution of different microbialite morphologies at the macro‐ and mesoscale. Differences in the relative abundance of dominant microorganisms between mesostructured types suggest that mesomorphology may be influenced by changes in microbial diversity. Spatial variations in the microbialite morphotypes, along with the abundant presence of entombed biomass (e.g., mineralized filaments), may indicate areas that have a high potential for the preservation of biosignatures.

A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study to Evaluate the Results of Extensor Tendon Injuries of the Hand, Wrist, and Forearm Treated Surgically in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction The important factors determining the treatment of extensor tendon injuries include the anatomical zone, type of injury, mode of injury, chronicity, and pathology of the adjacent tissues (principally the skin, bone, and joints). Very few studies have collectively studied the outcomes of all the wrist, forearm, and hand extensors.Hence, the major aim of this study was to evaluate the resultsof extensor tendon injuries of the hand, wrist, and forearm that were treated surgically. Methodology This was a hospital-based retrospective study done in a tertiary teaching hospital in South India. A total of 30 patients (23 males, seven females) were included in the study.All the cases of extended tendon injuries of the wrist, hand, and forearm were treated surgically, and those willing to participate were included in the study afterobtaining institutional ethics committee approval. Results The study included 30 patients, predominantly males (76.66%). The majority were aged 31-40 years (33.33%). Occupational injuries were the most common cause (36.66%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) and glass cuts (26.66%). Right-sided injuries were more frequent (56.66%), with zone VI being the most affected (43.33%). Extensor digitorum communis was the most injured tendon (40%). Various suture techniques were used, including horizontal mattress and modified Kessler's. Complications occurred in four patients, including hematoma and surgical site infections. Functional outcomes, assessed by Miller's Criteria, indicated extension lag and flexion loss as key recovery measures. Conclusion Hand function is essential for daily life activities, and optimal repair and reconstruction of extensor tendon injuries are crucial to avoid functional disability. While the present study demonstrated positive outcomes, further research with larger sample sizes and more rigorous designs is needed to validate these findings and improve treatment strategies for hand injuries.

УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СРЕДНЕСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗОНАХ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ

The objective of the study is to investigate the yield of mid-season varieties for the period 1999–2000 in different natural and climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region, to identify its relationship with meteorological factors. The yield of 44 mid-season varieties of spring soft wheat was analyzed for the period 1999–2020 on variety plots of the Krasnoyarsk Region in 6 natural and climatic zones: III – lowland sub-taiga (Kazachinsky variety plot), IV – foothill sub-taiga (Dzerzhinsky, Sayansky), V – Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky), VI – Prichulymye forest-steppe (Nazarovsky, Uzhursky), VII – southern forest-steppe (Karatuzsky), VIII – foothill steppe on ordinary and southern chernozems (Minusinsky, Krasnoturansky). Only in zone VI, over this period of years, a trend of yield growth was noted from 3.83 (1999–2003) to 4.30 t/ha (2016–2020). Yield fluctuations in the study period were observed in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (zone V), with a sharp increase in 2016–2020 (4.80 t/ha) from 2.38 t/ha (2013–2015). The increase in yield here can be explained by the cultivation of intensive varieties in compliance with all technology elements. Instability of yield without a significant increase is typical of the foothill subtaiga (zone IV). Yield growth occurred in natural zone III (lowland subtaiga) from 2008–2012 to 2016–2020 from 1.25 to 2.22 t/ha. Natural zones make the greatest contribution to yield variability – 59.0–74.8 %, while the “years” factor is much less – 1.0–15.0 % and the “genotype” factor is 1.5–5.8 %. A correlation between yield and plant height (r = 0.462–0.552), and 1000-grain weight (r = 0.435–0.650) (Kazachinsky, Karatuzsky, Nazarovsky, Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky) was revealed on many variety plots of the region (Kazachinsky, Sayansky, Karatuzsky, Minusinsky, Uzhursky, Sukhobuzimsky). An unequal dependence of the yield of the studied variety plots by ten-day period of the vegetation period on the average daily air temperature, precipitation amount, and relative air humidity was revealed.

A framework to quantitatively assess the influence of land use and land cover on coastal wetland hydrological connectivity from a landscape resistance perspective

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is one of the dominant factors contributing to coastal wetland degradation and loss. Most studies focused on LULC changes or whether they influenced on ecosystems. However, few studies quantitatively assessed the impact of different LULCs on hydrological connectivity. This study aimed to understand how LULC affected hydrological connectivity in the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China, from 1985 to 2020. A framework from a landscape resistance perspective was used to evaluate the LULC's influence. LULCs were converted into a series of resistance surfaces whose values represent the degree to which LULC facilitated or restricted hydrological connectivity. The LULC's influence was evaluated by parameterizing the resistance surfaces using observed hydrological connectivity. The results showed that human-related LULC had more influence on hydrological connectivity. The critical time of LULC's influence on hydrological connectivity was 1985–1990 and 2010–2015. The critical areas were Zone II, Zone I, and Zone VI. The LULCs of agriculture, industry, town/city, and river had the most significant impact on the hydrological connectivity of the YRD coastal wetland. The result could direct LULC planning to mitigate the negative effect on coastal wetlands and provide support for the environmental impact assessment of coastal development practices. This paper advances the study by assessing LULCs' impact on hydrological connectivity and providing a quantitative method. The framework of this study enriches the coastal wetland conservation theory and policy-making of coastal management.

A Clinico-epidemiological Study to Evaluate the Outcomes of Extensor Tendon Injury Repair of the Hand

Introduction: Extensor tendon injuries of the hand are more common in presentation than flexor tendon injuries. These wounds may leave the patient with significant, long-lasting damage if they are not appropriately treated when they first show. The result of extensor tendon injuries needing surgical repair at a tertiary health-care facility in Western India is being reported in the present research. Materials and Methods: Data were gathered prospectively for patients who presented to our hospital in a sequence without being randomly assigned from October 2019 to February 2022. The research comprised 38 individuals who had extensor tendon injuries in total. We are the only ones who can repair peripheral vessels (such as the radial and ulnar arteries), and we only accomplish this while using prolene 8-0/7-0 and under loupe magnification. Ethilon 4-0 is used as the core, while 5-0 is used for epitendinous repair in tendon repairs (interrupted). Most of the time, the modified Kassler approach is employed as a procedure. The figure-eight or mattress sutures were used on flat tendons. Plaster of Paris was used to apply the post-operative splint. A follow-up was conducted after 3 weeks, 6 weeks and finally after 3 months. Results: A total of 38 cases of tendon injuries were registered in the study over a period of 29 months, from October 2019 to February 2022. Most hand injuries were in Zone VI (15.8%) followed closely by Zones IV, VII and VIII. Zone I and II injuries were not encountered. The primary outcome was calculated using the total active range of movement, which was documented compared to a contralateral normal finger. Grade percentage range was poor, fair, good and excellent (0%–24%, 25%–49%, 50%–74% and 75%–100%, respectively). It was seen that Zones V, VI and VIII had better outcomes compared to Zone VII injuries. Conclusion: Although the incidences of extensor tendon injuries are more often encountered than flexor tendon injuries, more protocols and further studies are needed to achieve a complete range of motion in such cases.

Research on ecological restoration zoning from the hydro-ecological perspective: A case study of Yanqing District, Beijing

To prevent the degradation and destruction of ecosystems, ecological restoration has become a worldwide issue. In recent years, China has been comprehensively carrying out relevant work on national spatial ecological restoration planning, among which the work on ecological restoration zoning can provide strong support for the implementation of ecological restoration strategies. We propose a theoretical framework and technical route for ecological restoration zoning from the hydro-ecological perspective, and suggest forming a regional ecological restoration zoning system based on the watershed as the basic unit and the dynamic evolution process of hydro-ecology as the core. We conduct an empirical study in Yanqing District, Beijing. The results show that: (i) From 2000 to 2022, the hydro-ecological comprehensive index of Yanqing District shows an upward trend. In terms of spatial pattern changes, it roughly shows a rising trend in the northeastern and southern mountainous areas, and a downward trend in the central-western and southwestern basins. (ii) Six types of ecological restoration zones are formed with the watershed as the basic unit. Zone Ⅰ accounts for the largest area (26.87%), and Zone Ⅵ accounts for the smallest proportion (7.14%). (iii) The proportion of areas with good or superior hydro-ecology in the Ecological Policy Zone of Yanqing District increased by 15.89% from 2000 to 2022, which is significantly higher than the average level, confirming the effectiveness of ecological policies such as nature reserves. This study provides a paradigm for ecological restoration zoning from the hydro-ecological perspective, and provides assistance for regional ecological restoration and sustainable development in China and even globally.

Postoperative Management Early Active Mobilization of Extensor Tendon Repair at Zone (V-VII)

Background: The extensor tendons are particularly vulnerable to trauma because their superficial location in a clenched fist, the thin mobile subcutaneous tissue offers little protection, and lacerations of the extensor tendons are common over joints that are easily exposed to contamination. Objective: To assess the evaluation of the postoperative early active mobilization protocol of extensor tendon repair at zone (V-VII). Methods: In this prospective study was carried out at Orthopedic Dept., 250 Bed General Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh from January to June 2023. Total 40 cases of fresh injury of extensor tendon at zone V to VII were treated. A protocol of early active mobilization was undertaken, using an easy to follow rehabilitation plan. Routine history taking with details of the injury, the object causing the injury, the dominant hand and the position during the injury, Physical examination, included the zone, and the possible tendons involved together with any associated injury. Results: Forty patients of fresh extensor tendon injuries were included in this study, their ages ranged from 20 to 55 years. There were 33 males (82.5%) and 7 females (17.5%). The dominant hand was involved in 29 of patients (72.5%). The nature of injuries was sharp cut in 34 patients (85%), with crush injuries in 6 patients (15%). The most common site of injuries was zone VI, VII and zone V respectively, and the most common tendon injured was EDC, EI, and EDM. Only 7 patients (17.5%) had single tendon injury, While 33 patients (82.5%) had multiple tendon injuries. At the end of the 6th weeks post operatively, the overall outcome result are summarized. Conclusion: The early mobilization of repaired extensor tendon reduces the formation of adhesion as compared to rigid immobilization. We recommend the use of this protocol following extensor tendon repair in the hand at zone V, VI, and VII in cooperative patient. It will give fairly acceptable results.

Biostratigraphy and Climate Change in the Late Miocene Age Based on Foraminifera in the Oyo Formation, Oyo River Section, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

The date of the paleoclimate event was ascertained using a biostratigraphic analysis. The thickness of the Oyo Formation was measured using measurements with a Jacob stick method, yielding a thickness of 80.8 meters and 23 rock samples. In the Southern Mountains Zone, new result of the age of the upper part of the Oyo Formation by biostratigraphy investigation of the hill Late Miocene (9.79 Ma to 5.78 Ma). Biostratigraphic investigation in the Oyo River revealed 28 species and 9 genera, with two datums. The study area was classified into three biozonations based on the datum found Globorotalia acostaensis/M13a/N16 zone, the lower Globorotalia plesiotumida/M13b/N17 zone, and the upper Globigerinoides conglobatus/M14/N17 zone. The results of a paleoclimate analysis on the Oyo River Section show a general cooling tendency in the study area. Seven paleoclimate zones can be determined from these trends consisting of four warm and three cold zones. Zone I (warm), zone II (cold), zone III (warm), and zone IV (cold) have the coldest peak in the study region in 8.3 Ma, zone V (warm), and zone VI (cold), followed by zone VII (warm). Based on the correlation with other studies (South China Sea, Pacific Ocean, Oyo River, Ngalang River, and Ngioro Section), paleoclimate events in the study area occur globally.

Synoptic-Scale Effects of Atmospheric Heat Source over Key Areas of the Tibetan Plateau on Its Downstream Rainfall in Summer

Abstract This study demonstrates the synoptic-scale relationship between the atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) (TP<Q1>) and summer rainfall in eastern China. The results show that the summer TP<Q1> has three key areas [eastern, western, and northeastern TP (TPE, TPW, TPNE, respectively)] and 3–8-day dominant oscillation periods on the synoptic time scale for each subregion. Analogously, on the synoptic scale, the downstream rainfall of the TP in China has six sensitive regions (zone I to zone VI), each with 3–8-day dominant periods. The TPE<Q1>, TPW<Q1>, and TPNE<Q1> lead rainfall by 4 days with a southeastward propagation pathway, by 5 days with both southeastward and northeastward propagation routes, and by 4 days with an eastward route, respectively. Mechanistically, when TP<Q1> lies in the positive-to-negative transition phase, the rainfall moves off the TP and reaches the maximum in its most inactive phase; the jet cores embedded in the subtropical westerly jet band and the trough from the region of the TP<Q1> lead the eastward movement of the rainfall by the propagation of the divergence center and generalized moist potential vorticity. Besides, the southwest vortex and northwest vortex generated at the southeastern and northeastern flank of the TP are the main cause for the southeastward and northeastward or eastward movement of the precipitation. Further internal atmospheric dynamic structures indicate that both the horizontal moisture advection and generalized moist potential vorticity advection act on the entire propagation processes of the synoptic-scale signals for each TP<Q1> key area. In conclusion, the study has obvious theoretical significance and application value for the development of plateau synoptics.

ISOLATION OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA FROM BORE WATER SAMPLES IN AND AROUND VISAKHAPATNAM

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of groundwater contamination by isolating total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and bacterial pathogens.
 Methods: A total of 32 water samples, comprising 5 samples from each GVMC urban area zone, Visakhapatnam were randomly collected from different areas. Evaluation of Total and fecal coliform counts was done by using multiple-tube fermentation technique and were reported as the most probable number (MPN) of organisms present per 100 ml of sample.
 Results: The samples collected from the zones Yendada (zone I), Marripalem (zone IV), Chinna musidiwada (zone VI) showed the highest total and fecal coliform counts (MPN>180). Nearly 30 samples (94%) yielded bacterial isolates. Among the isolates Pseudomonas spp. showed highest susceptibility to cefepime and imipenem antibiotics. All the microorganisms isolated were multidrug resistant with a multidrug antibiotic resistant index more than 0.2.
 Conclusion: These multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are considered as a major threat to the public health and should receive more attention.

Threat to the Sustainable Production of Natural Resins: A Case of Rangeeni Strain of Kerria lacca (Kerr) in Eastern Plateau & Hills Region of South East Asia

The study conducted to examine the trends, growth and instability in the production of an insect-based natural resin in India. Study is designed with sampling and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) based primary data as well as secondary data. District-level time-series data of Jharkhand state for 50 years from 1970-71 to 2019-20 was used. Time series analysis revealed the variation in lac production levels in different levels of geo coordinates. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) was worked out by fitting the exponential function. The instability indices worked out by using the method suggested by Cuddy and Dell. The growth in lac production and export of lac-based value-added products has decelerated in the post-liberalization period, while yield growth has accelerated. The overall decline in the production level of rangeeni crop ranged from -5.54% in Western Plateau Sub Zone V to -6.98% in South Eastern Plateau Sub Zone VI. Utilization of the existing natural endowment of Butea monosperma in major rangeeni lac-producing districts in Western Plateau Sub Zone V could be a promising strategy to minimize the variation in the production of rangeeni crop. A paradigm shifts from rangeeni lac cultivation during previous decades coupled with climate change issues may be another possible reason for the regional disparity in the level of rangeeni lac production.
 The overall scenario in Jharkhand state depicts the alarming situation for katki crop (Rainy season rangeeni crop) having the highest instability index (49.69), particularly with significant negative growth rates from 2000 to 2020. The magnitude of decline for katki crop was found highest and most significant during the 2001-2010 period. Although, the production of rangeeni strain was affected adversely in Jharkhand (-21.60%) during the Ninth Five Year Plan coupled with shifting from rangeeni to kusmi lac cultivation due to boosting through capacity building and skill development programs which influenced the awareness and knowledge level of the stakeholders. However, COVID-19 could break the momentum, and functionaries including the institutions and facilitators shifted to manage the disrupted supply chains during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Post COVID-19 scenario, emerged with new ICT-enabled interventions with greater scope for extension and awareness programs. However, there is a huge technological gap in the existing lac industry with poor automation and dependency on local labor. Policy interventions including market initiatives like Minimum Support Prices (MSP), Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (VDVKs); and Institutional initiatives like FPOs, SHGs, JLGs, etc. may play a key role in strengthening the sector. New host plants like Flemingia semialata may be promoted to reduce instability indices in the long run.

Comparison of Outcomes in Primary Extensor Tendon Repair of Hand Treated in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine different treatment outcomes of early extensor tendon repair according to the zone of injury.
 Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to May 2020.
 Methodology: Seventy-four patients, more than 17 years of age and either gender, presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital for repair of lacerated extensor tendons of hand were enrolled in the study. All the procedures were performed in an operating room under general or local anaesthesia by a consultant plastic surgeon with experience of 5 years. Tendon repairs were performed using modified Keisler's technique. After wound closure, hand splinting was provided for six weeks. Outcomes were assessed per Miller's Classification at six weeks, two months, and three months post repair and classified as excellent, good, moderate and bad.
 Results: The mean age of study participants was reported as 30.69±12.86 years. Zone II (36.4) and VI (47.2) were the most common location of laceration. Of all patients with Zone II lacerations, 33.3 achieved excellent outcomes, and 29.5 achieved a good outcome. Further, in patients with zone VI, 68.5 of the patients achieved good to excellent outcomes.
 Conclusion: According to Miller's Classification, the study showed excellent results with zone IV and II injuries. Zone V and 8 had good outcomes, whereas zone I and II showed moderate to bad outcomes. There was no statistical association between the proportions of outcomes and zone of injury.

Assessing potential distribution zone prone to invasion risk of Hyptis suaveolens (L) in Jharkhand, Eastern India using Maxent

The rapid spread of alien invasive plant species hasemerged as one of the serious issues for the forest composition, biodiversity and ecosystem services. The most probable distribution range of Hyptis suaveolens was modeled for Jharkhand using Maxent for the year 2020 and 2050 under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) i.e . 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5. The model predicted that at present ~5.89% of the geographical area of Jharkhand is under High Risk Zone (HRZ) to infestation of H. suaveolens and by 2050 the potential area of invasion may increase to ~6.35- 6.98% depending upon RCP`s. Model predicted prominent distribution H. suaveolens in agroclimatic sub zone IV with ~ 4.89% of sub zone area under HRZ, followed by comparatively very small ~0.49% area of sub zone V and ~ 0.50% area of sub zone VI are under HRZ of invasion threat of H. suaveolens. The study predicted dominance of the distribution in sub zone IV to continue in future also and this may increase to ~ 5.41-6.05% by 2050 depending upon RCP scenario. In contrast, a declining trend may occur in sub zone V, where the potential infested area may decrease in the range of ~0.17%-0.04% depending upon RCPs. The study showed tropical dry deciduous forests and non-forest classes are more prone to infestation of H. suaveolens. Bio_8 (mean temperature of wettest quarter) and Bio_18 (precipitation of warmest quarter) contributed most in limiting the distribution of H. suaveolens for the year 2020 and 2050 respectively. The study provides prior identification of the potential distribution sites prone to infestation of H. suaveolens , enabling prioritization of treatment areas to curtail further invasion.

A comparative study between retro-auricular single-site endoscopic thyroidectomy and transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach: a single-center retrospective analysis

Objectives: To compare the efficiacy of retro-auricular single-site endoscopic thyroidectomy (RASSET) and that of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). Methods: In Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 10 patients underwent RASSET from June 2021 to August 2021, and 21 patients underwent TOETVA from January 2016 to August 2021. All the 21 patients' clinical data was analyzed retrospectively. There were 2 males and 8 females in the RASSET group, aging (48.2±13.9) years (range: 28 to 67 years). There were 5 males and 16 females in the TOETVA group, aging (31.3±8.2) years (range: 21 to 49 years). All patients underwent thyroid lobectomy. A 3 cm in length incision was cut on single auricula posterior sulci to creat the approach in the RASSET group. Then a Trocar made with of a glove was inserted. Retaining the omohyoid, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical muscle were pulled apart, exposing a single lobe of the thyroid gland and lymphatic tissue of zone Ⅵ, for en-bloc resection. The clinical data of the two groups were collected and analyzed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test or χ2 test. Clinical data and postoperative efficacy indexes such as operation time, postoperative C reactive protein level, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Compared with the TOETVA group, the operation time was longer in the RASSET group ((256.8±77.0) minutes vs. (201.2±54.9) minutes, t=2.31, P=0.028), and increase of postoperative C reaction protein (24 hours postoperative vs. preoperative) was lower in the RASSET group (8.58(13.24) mg/L vs. 46.24(48.88) mg/L, Z=-4.311, P<0.01). But there was no significant difference between the RASSET group and TOETVA group in the number of lymph nodes dissection (2(5) vs. 2(3), Z=-0.326, P=0.759). Besides, there were no complications in the RASSET group. Conclusion: Retro-auricular single-site endoscopic thyroid loectomy is easy to achieve the en-bloc resection of tumors with a well-concealed scar and less traumatic dissection.

Correlation of Public Self-Awareness with Behaviour in Suppressing the Spread of COVID-19 at Parombunan Sub Disctric Zone VI Sibolga City in 2021

Self-awareness is a concern for oneself and readiness to recognize oneself for what is done. Self-awareness is a must-have behavior to prevent transmission COVID-19 his study aims to determine the correlation of public self-awareness with behaviour in suppressing the spread of covid-19 at parombunan sub disctric zone vi sibolga city in 2021. The type of research design used is correlational with research design cross sectional with the sampling method is accidental sampling as many as 77 respondents at parombunan sub disctric zone vi sibolga city in 2021. The instrument used in data collection is a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis using alternative test fisher exact. The results showed that 70 people (90.9%) have good self-awareness and 70 people (90.9%) have good behavior. The results of the testfisher exact obtained p-value = 0.014 (p &gt; 0.05). This shows that there is a relationship between community self-awareness and behavior in suppressing the spread of COVID-19 at parombunan sub disctric zone VI sibolga city in 2021. The Conclusion of this study is there is a correlation of Public Self-Awareness with Behaviour in Suppressing the Spread of COVID-19 at Parombunan Sub Disctric Zone VI Sibolga City in 2021 t is hoped that the respondents can improve their self-awareness so that they can better implement behaviors in suppressing the spread of COVID-19 at parombunan sub disctric zone VI sibolga city in 2021.

Rajendranagar Vari-1 [IET 27077 (RNR 11718)] – Multiple stress resistant, high yielding rice variety

Rajendranagar vari-1 was derived through pedigree method of breeding from a cross MTU 1010 x NLR 34449 with an aim to develop high yielding multiple stress resistant variety. It is a medium duration variety having medium slender grain. It has recorded 6.81% and 9.7% increase in yield over check variety in station trials and minikits, respectively. Rajendranagar vari-1 (IET 27077) was evaluated during 2017 to 2020 in AICRIP trials and recorded 23.29, 18.61, 39.69, 40.12 and 12.46 percent increase in yield over alkaline, inland saline, saline tolerant, sensitive and local check, respectively in in zone VI and VII states (Puducherry, Telangana and Gujarat). It is identified as fertilizer responsive with potential to yield about 8.0 t/ha. It has multiple resistance to different insect pests and diseases (BPH, Blast, Brown Spot, Sheath Rot, grain discoloration) besides having salinity tolerance. Rajendranagar vari-1 was released through Telangana State Variety Release Committee and notified vide gazette number S.O. 8 (E) Dated 24.12.2021.th

Construction and verification of lymph node metastasis model of cN0 stage thyroid micropapillary carcinoma and discussion of surgical methods

Objective:To construct and verify a model of lymph node metastasis in cN0 stage thyroid micropapillary carcinoma. To explore the significance of thyroid gland lobectomy combined with prophylactic zone Ⅵ lymph node dissection in cN0 stage thyroid micropapillary carcinoma surgery. Methods:The clinical data of 670 patients with cN0 stage thyroid micropapillary carcinoma and area Ⅵ lymph node dissection were collected. All patients underwent the affected thyroid gland lobe±isthmus resection+ area Ⅵ lymphadenectomy on the same side. Logistic regression model was constructed by gender, age, size of thyroid papillary carcinoma, whether it was multifocal, whether it was encroaching on the membrane, and whether the lymph nodes in the central area were metastasized, and displayed by nomogram. Discrimination and prediction accuracy were evaluated by C-index, calibration curve and ROC curve. An internal validation group was used to test the fitted model. Analyze the lymph node metastasis trend according to the largest tumor diameter. Follow-up analysis of the reoperation was conducted to evaluate the effect of initial surgery. Results:The rate of lymph node metastasis in area Ⅵ was 36.7%. Multiple regression analysis included three variables. The largest tumor diameter（P<0.001）, male（P<0.001） and young（P<0.001） were the main independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Conclusion:The reoperation rate of thyroid gland lobectomy combined with prophylactic zone Ⅵ lymph node dissection was low, and this surgical method might be safe and reliable for the treatment of cN0 stage thyroid micropapillary carcinoma, and it is worthy of promotion.

Changing the paleo-depositional environment in the last 2300 years: a study through sedimentology and geochemistry of a sediment core, western Bay of Bengal

The sediment core collected at a water depth of 260.2 m off Mahanadi, western Bay of Bengal was analyzed for grain size fractions, clay minerals, and major and trace elements to understand changing depositional environments, source and processes with time, from ~ 2300 cal yr before present (BP) to the year of the collection (2014). Age was estimated using accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) 14C dates of two planktonic foraminifera samples. The core was divided into six distinct zones based on the significant changes in the sediment components and clay minerals. The presence of higher than average clay and smectite and lower silt and illite, in Zone II (2000 years BP–1070 cal yr BP) and Zone V (300–130 cal yr BP) revealed their deposition in low energy conditions, while, Zone III (1070 to 530 cal yr BP) and Zone VI (132 cal yr BP to present) exhibited higher silt and illite and lower clay and smectite than average suggesting their deposition in a high energy environment. Similar depositional environments observed between Zones II and V and also between Zones III and VI indicated the reoccurrence of similar hydrodynamic conditions with time. Zone II represents the Roman Warm Period and part of the early Medieval Warm Period, while, zone V corresponds to the retreating phase of the Little Ice Age. High Al in zone III and fluctuating trend in zone VI indicates higher Al release along with silt and illite from physical weathering in a cold and arid climate, while, smectite showed a positive correlation with Ti indicating the source of Ti and smectite as basic igneous rocks released during the enhanced southwest monsoon and warm climate. Mn and Zn distribution revealed fluctuations in the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) intensity to changing hydrodynamic conditions and depositional environments. The present study revealed changing depositional environments in the western Bay of Bengal with time with respect to changing material influx, reflecting fluctuating monsoons and climate.

Assessing impact of varying climatic conditions on distribution of Buchanania Cochinchinensis in Jharkhand using species distribution modeling approach

Climate change in combination with anthropogenic stress has adversely impacted the forest ecosystem, leading to depletion in forest resources. Buchanania cochinchinensis represented a noteworthy density in the forest areas of Jharkhand in the past, but it has now been decimated due to excessive unsustainable harvesting, poor regeneration and population fragmentation. In order to promote conservation practices for the species, it is a prerequisite to understand its spatial extent under varying climatic conditions. Present study was aimed to model potential distribution of B. cochinchinensis, in different agro-climatic sub-zones of Jharkhand using Maxent. Bioclimatic variable “Mean temperature of driest quarter” (Bio_9) ranging from 13.800C to 30.400C emerged to be the most sensitive parameter for the distribution of B. cochinchinensis both under the present and future climatic scenarios. Land use land class (LULC) also contributed significantly in characterizing the distribution of B. cochinchinensis for the current climatic scenario. For the current year i.e. 2020, the calculated probable distribution area of B. cochinchinensis in Jharkhand was 7.39%, 25.62% and 2.62% of total forest area for agro-climatic sub-zone IV, sub-zone V and sub-zone VI respectively. The future projection for the year 2050 suggests 84.86% and 8.79% increase in suitable habitat areas under sub zone IV and sub zone V respectively and 43% decrease in sub zone VI. The findings of the study provide an insight into the suitable habitats of B. cochinchinensis for its promotion and conservation in the state of Jharkhand.