Zaporizhzhia State Medical University Research Articles (Page 3)

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to study the market of pulse oximeters to select the optimal choice for monitoring health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Pulse oximeter data, presented on the Tabletki.ua website (2021) in Kyiv (Ukraine), were summarized and discussed. A survey about the history of the device purchase among 170 students of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Ukraine) was statistically analysed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro–Wilk, Levene’s, Scheffe tests, one-sample t-test, Spearman’s correlation and one-way ANOVA. Key findings The largest part of the Kyiv (Ukraine) pulse oximeter market is occupied by the People’s Republic of China (70.97%). The price ranged from UAH 171.50 to UAH 1799.00. The models S6 and Linke LK88 are found to be the best choices according to the fullest provided data, the lowest minimum price and emphasis on the oxygen saturation and pulse rate accuracies. Medical students statistically significant would buy a pulse oximeter for less than UAH 563.40 (t(76) = −2.884; P = 0.005). The price did not depend on age (F = 1.104, P = 0.372) or gender (F = 2.466, P = 0.121), but there was a correlation between price and year of purchase (F = 2.712, P = 0.051). Students are primarily interested in country of origin, guarantees and pharmacist recommendations. A significantly weak Spearman’s correlation was found between price and friend advice (ρ = 0.275, Sig. = 0.015). Conclusions The same models differ in price by up to 4.2 times and in between them – up to 10. Less than half of the responders bought devices, and even a quarter of them did not use them at all, although they were from a health field. The detailed notifications about accuracy for different patient skin types are required in the device description. More people should be aware of pulse oximeter importance to maintaining health after COVID-19.

The aim of the work. To develop a method for spectrophotometric determination of sotalol with diazonium salts. Establish optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of sotalol in drugs. Validate the developed methodology. Materials and methods. Reagents and solvents used in the study were: diazole red 2J (obtained from NVF “Sinbias”), tablets “Sotalol Sandoz” 40 mg (Salyutas Pharma GmbH, series JZ1188), “Sotalol Sandoz” 80 mg (Salyutas Pharma GmbH, series KA0464) and “Sotalol Sandoz” 160 mg (Salyutas Pharma GmbH, series JY3504), methanol (LAB-SCAN, Ireland, batch № 5120/13), sodium carbonate (Sinbias) and purified water were also used. Analytical equipment: spectrophotometer “SPECORD-200” (Analytic Jena AG, Germany), scales laboratory electronic RADWAG XA 210.4Y, bath ultrasonic Sonorex Digitec DT100H, laboratory glassware of class A. All studies were conducted in the experimental pharmaceutical research department of the scientific medical laboratory center (SMLC) of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Results and discussion. The technique of spectrophotometric determination of the quantitative content of sotalol based on its reaction with red diazole in water-methanol medium has been developed. The stoichiometric ratios of the reactive components as 1:1 were obtained by the methods of continuous changes and the saturation method. Validation of the developed on such indicators as linearity, precision, correctness and robustness is carried out. Based on these data, the developed method is correct and could be used in the quality control departments of chemical and pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions. A method of quantitative spectrophotometric determination of sotalol in the tablet dosage form “Sotalol Sandoz” 40 mg, “Sotalol Sandoz” 80 mg and “Sotalol Sandoz” 160 mg of industrial production was developed, validation characteristics were investigated: linearity, precision, correctness, range of application and robustness

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the risk of seborrheic keratosіs, assessing the level of correlation between anamnestic and clinical data (skin phototype, frequency of sunscreens) and the extent of neoplasms on the skin. Materials and methods. Sixty patients with seborrheic keratosіs were examined on the basis of "University clinic" of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Preliminary verification of the diagnosis was performed using visual examination, dermatoscopic examination based on a three-point algorithm in polarized light mode (FotoFinder Bodystudio ATBM (Germany). Clinical examination also included Fitzpatrick assessment of skin phototype, taking into account skin color, eye, hair color, and tendency to form tanning or its complications (burns). Results and discussion. Majority of patients were of II skin phototype – 40 (66.7%) individuals, III – 19 (31.7%), IV – 1 (1.7%). 37 patients (61.6%) with seborrheic keratosіs received skin burns after prolonged exposure to the open sun. The most frequent localizations of keratoma were areas of the head – 23 (38.33%) patients, torso – 17 (28.33%), limbs – 16 (26.67%), neck – 4 (6.67%). Thus, taking into account the areas of maximum ultraviolet exposure – head + neck + limbs – we have the majority of cases (n = 43 (71.7%)) with a possible risk factor in the form of increased insolation on these areas of skin. Only 1 patient lived in a country with increased insolation for 0.5 years. 29 (48.4%) patients never used sunscreens, 19 (31.6%) used them occasionally, and 12 (20%) always used them. Pearson's coefficient (Kp =0.51) and Chuprov's coefficient (Kh =0.50) indicate a moderate relationship between the number of foci and Fitzpatrick skin phototype. The data obtained do not rule out an association between the level of lesion foci dissemination and skin features to the perception of tanning. The association coefficient was 0.714 and the contingency coefficient was 0.4. Consequently, this suggests that the association between the use/non-use of sunscreen and the multiplicity of keratosis foci is significant. These data have not been highlighted in previous studies, so we believe that this is an additional argument for the mandatory use of sunscreen. Regular use of sunscreeens has really a significant protective potential for the occurrence of new skin formations, as well as their clinical dissemination. Conclusion. Ultraviolet radiation may be a predictor of multiple foci of keratosis. It is important to comprehensively examine patients with seborrheic keratosіs, focusing on evaluation of skin phototype, history of outdoor exposure, and sunbathing habits. The use of sunscreen remains the unequivocal leader in the prevention of multiple seborrheic keratosis

The COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine have caused psychological distress, which has led to mental and physical health problems and changes in the behavior patterns of many people. It is known that the cause of such stress in the civilian population is not a pandemic or quarantine in general, but only some of their components. However, although COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine can provoke health disorders also in military personnel, stressful factors directly triggering these disorders have not yet been identified. Aim: to identify the immediate stressors that threaten Ukrainian military personnel health during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Zaporizhzhia Military Hospital and Zaporizhzhia State Medical University between March 2020 and May 2020. A total of 25 military personnel hospitalized during this period were examined. Clinical, psychopathological, psychological examinations was conducted. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was also used. Results. The stressful factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine, which had provoked health disorders in military personnel, have been identified and systematized into four groups: vital fears, social fears, domestic and organizational stress, abstract experiences. All these groups have been also described here. Conclusions. Identification of psychogenic factors will help to determine targets for psychotherapy and reduce the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine and prevent a decline in fighting capacity.

The rapid development of innovative methods of learning, which are based on the widespread usage of information and communication technologies, forms the conditions for the transformation of the system of higher medical education. The emergence of cloud services in the IT services market has opened up new opportunities for the development of higher education institutions' (HEI) infrastructure. The quarantine crisis has made medical university faculty to begin restructuring the infrastructure of higher education institution in the direction of implementing the latest technologies of learning. During the COVID-19 quarantine period, medical universities started using Microsoft and Google cloud services extensively to provide distance learning to medical and pharmacy students. At the stage of adapting these services to the organization of the learning process, the problem was that there were no developed models of cloud-oriented learning environments for medical HEIs, which take into account the specifics of teaching subjects at medical faculties. In developing the component model, we applied methods of system analysis and approaches to describing the departments of the university from the perspective of an invariant model of the organizational system. This model allows scaling the technology of forming a hybrid cloud-oriented environment to all departments of the university. The component model of cloud-oriented educational environment was based on the model of the pedagogical system, which consists of the target, teaching, methodological, student, content and technological components. During the analysis of organization of medical education system of the university by method of stratification four main system levels were identified: І- strategic planning and organization of studies at the university; ІI- tactical planning and organization of medical education according to specialties; ІІI- planning and organization of educational process for students at 62 departments of the university; IV - modeling of partner interaction in the process of study on the basis of subject-subject relations of the teacher, technical staff of university departments and the student. The pedagogical system model was integrated with the hierarchical structural model of the medical university departments. Implementation of the developed model, in the shortest possible time, made it possible to optimally build the projection of the ground structure by means of MSO365 cloud services to the virtual cloud-oriented learning environment of the medical university and provide distance learning. The developed structure was implemented in the educational process of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) during the period of COVID – 19 quarantine. The gained experimental experience in the organization of distance learning was used as the basis for the ZSMU mixed form of studying.

This article presents the results of the study of the antimicrobial and antifungal properties among 1,2,4-triazole derivatives synthesized at the Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Previous studies have established the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Therefore, it was reasonable to investigate highly effective substances with antimicrobial and antifungal properties among synthesized compounds. In the first stage of our research, acute toxicity prediction was performed. The antimicrobial and antifungal properties were carried out by the method of “serial dilutions” on a liquid nutrient. Forty-seven compounds of the different classes were studied for these types of activities. According to our research, derivatives of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole showed better performance than 3-thio-1,2.4-triazoles for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. 5-(1Н-tetrazole-1-іl)methyl-4Н- -1,2,4-triazole-3-yl-1-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methanimin (11.6) was showed the greatest antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Deeper research for compound 11.6 was done by diffusion in agar (method of “wells”). Studies have shown that molecule 11.6 showed antimicrobial and antifungal action to the studied test strains at a concentration of 2 μg/ml. Hence, this compound can be developed as a helpful therapeutic agent after establishing its safety pharmacology and toxicity.

Here we expand the existing knowledge about disorders associated with the COVID-19-related pandemic and quarantine. We show that the COVID-19-related pandemic and quarantine can reduce the combat effectiveness of the military, provoking a deterioration in the health of combatants and requires hospitalization. Aim. Investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine on the health of Ukrainian combatants. Material and methods. A study was conducted between March 12, 2020 and May 22, 2020 at the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, General and Medical Psychology, Narcology, and Sexology in Zaporizhzhia State Medical University and Zaporizhzhia military hospital (Ukraine). All combatants who were hospitalized during this period were examined. We analyzed medical records, anamnestic data, and performed psychopathological and psychological examinations of all patients. Results. In 56 % of combatants hospitalized during high quarantine measures, the cause of health disorders is negative COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine-related thoughts that provoke stress. These stressful thoughts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine provoke the development of hypertensive emergency (57 % vs 18 %), anxiety syndrome (29 %), dissociative [conversion] disorder (7 %), and exacerbate the negative effects of pre-pandemic diseases, namely, hypertension (43 % vs 27 %), somatoform autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system (29 %), panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety] (7 %), adjustment disorders (7 %), post-traumatic stress disorder (7 %). Conclusions. Preventive measures need to be developed and applied to combatants to prevent their deteriorating health due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine stress

The aim is to define the dynamics of TNF-α and IFN-γ serum levels in adult patients with measles depending on the development of complications. Materials and methods. An examination of 175 adult patients with measles revealed a range of complications and dynamics of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ depending on the development of complications. The serum contents of TNF-α (Invitrogen, Austria) and IFN-γ (Invitrogen, Austria) in patients and 30 healthy individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the basis of the Training Medical Laboratory Center of Zaporizhzhia State MedicalUniversity. Results. It was shown that the vast majority of hospitalized adult patients with measles developed complications (70.6 %) and these latter were predominantly respiratory (61.7 %) and gastrointestinal (44.0 %). In the period of measles rash, on day 4.8 ± 0.2 in the presence of complications, the serum TNF-α content was 11 times higher than that in healthy individuals (P < 0.05) and in patients with uncomplicated measles (P < 0.05), and did not differ from healthy individuals (P > 0.05) in the absence of complications. The development of measles complications in adult patients was associated with higher serum levels of TNF-α both at hospitalization (P = 0.003) and after 10 days of the disease (P = 0.005). The serum content of IFN-γ in adult measles patients with rash at hospitalization on day 4.8 ± 0.2 exceeded that in healthy indivi­duals both in the presence of complications (P < 0.05) and in uncomplicated measles (P < 0.05). The serum content of IFN-γ was 19.3 times (P < 0.05) higher in patients with complicated measles than that in patients without complications. High serum levels of IFN-γ were associated with the development of complications during acute period of measles (P = 0.0001). Conclusions. Complications occurred in most hospitalized adult patients with measles (70.6 %), that was accompanied by more pronounced immunological changes. The development of measles complications in adult patients was associated with higher serum levels of TNF-α both at hospital admission on day 4.8 ± 0.2 (gamma 0.77; P = 0.003) and in the dynamics after 10 days of the disease (gamma 0.56; P = 0.005). Elevated serum levels of IFN-γ were associated with the development of complications during the acute period of measles (gamma ratio 0.46; P = 0.0001).

An urgent problem today is the spread of secondary immunodeficiencies associated with increased stress, urbanization, and negative changes in the environment that lead to impaired immune function. Herbal remedies are milder, less likely to become addictive and have side effects, and are long-lasting. A promising plant with immunomodulatory action is Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, a member of the family Asteraceae. The main active ingredients of echinacea are phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and alkylamides. The chemical composition of echinacea is also represented by flavonoids, tannins, saponins, higher fatty acids, amino acids, betaine, essential oil, macro- and microelements (Se, Co, Ag, Mo, Zn, Mg, K, Na, Fe, etc.). Drugs have immunostimulatory, antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing effect, promote healing of wounds, burns, ulcers, are used in infectious and viral diseases, especially HF. They are traditionally used for furunculosis, septicemia (infection of the blood), pyorrhea, tonsillitis, especially for the treatment of boils, carbuncles, and abscesses. It is also important that in modern pharmaceutical science the leading place is occupied by research related to the introduction into medical practice of herbal medicines, the study of their chemical composition, standardization, development of optimal technologies for the manufacture of phytopreparations. That is why the objects of our research were tinctures based on Echinacea purpurea. The aim of the work is to study and compare the component composition of tinctures based on Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench using gas chromatography (GC). Materials and methods. Tinctures of rhizomes with roots of Echinacea purpurea were used for the study: experimental – made according to industrial technological recipe (1:5, extractant – ethanol 70 %) from raw materials harvested in July 2019 at the research site of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University and control – finished products LLC “Zhytomyr Pharmaceutical Factory”, series 20319. Tinctures were investigated on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with mass spectrometric detector 5977B. The NIST14 mass spectrum library was used to identify the components. Results. 31 (experimental) and 23 (control) components were identified by GC in rhizomes with rhizomes of Echinacea purpurea. The results of the study indicate that the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of rhizomes with roots of Echinacea purpurea was characterized by complexity and variability. This fact complicates the process of standardization of phytopreparations and can affect their effectiveness and safety. Therefore, members of the genus Echinacea should be the subject of further in-depth chemical study. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the component composition of tinctures based on Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench was studied and performed with the help of GC. The GC method is suitable for the determination of natural BAS in the composition of phytopreparations from echinacea and can be used in the development of methods for their standardization. The results of the study were of value for further development and improvement of analytical regulations for raw materials and phytopreparations from Echinacea purpurea. They can also be the basis for the creation of new substances with immunomodulatory activity based on the underground organs of echinacea.

One of the most effective platelet antiaggregants is clopidogrel, inhibiting platelet activation by selectively binding adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with specific receptors. However, in a number of clinical situations it is necessary to have a pronounced antithrombotic effect in the shortest possible time which gives rise to interest in the transmucose use of the drug, in particular, rectal route. The theoretical preconditions for the development of a rectal administration of clopidogrel are based on the data that the anti-aggregation effect of a substance is carried out by its main metabolite formed after “first hepatic passage”, while clopidogrel itself in this aspect is inactive. On the base of complex physico-chemical, pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, rheological and microbiological investigations, the rational composition of clopidogrel rectal dosage form – suppository on a hydrophilic base to prevent atherothrombotic events in patients with myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial occlusion, is proposed by the employees of the Department of Technology of Medications of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. The aim of the work is to investigate the specific activity of rectal suppositories with clopidogrel. Materials and methods. Experimental suppositories with clopidogrel 0,075 g for rectal administration were used as the objects in pre-line studies. The ability of clopidogrel to reduce the inhibitory effect of ADP on adenylate cyclase activity and decrease the number of binding sites for 2-methylthio-ADP (analogue of ADP) without altering the receptor topography is used as a base of the method of comparative study of its specific activity in the rectal dosage form (suppository) and in comparison with the reference medication Plavix (SANOFI WINTHROP INDUSTRIE, France) in the tablet form. Studies were performed on white non-linear rats of different sexes with different mass 150–210 g, aged 3.5–5.0 months. Results. Statistically significant differences in the inhibition of induced platelet aggregation were registered after 6 hours of rectal administration of clopidogrel and gastric administration of the reference medication, indicating the effectiveness of the rectal applicative transmucosal route for this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). On the 5th day of administration, inhibition of induced platelet aggregation significantly increased, and that is supported by literature on the cumulative effect of clopidogrel in daily life. When comparing the digital material of the table, it is obvious that the rectal administration of clopidogrel is more effective in comparison with oral route which is probably due to the rapid delivery of API to the liver and the formation of an active metabolite of clopidogrel inhibiting the induction and spontaneous aggregation of platelets in human’s and animal’s blood. Obtained data provide with sound arguments for development of rectal suppositories with clopidogrel because in clinical care faster achievement of an anti-aggregation effect in patients with acute coronary syndrome is the primary task of clinical pharmacology and pharmacy. Conclusions. Using the biochemical model of pathology, it was established that the applicative semisolid medication of clopidogrel in the form of rectal suppository exhibited inductive anti-aggregation activity and its administration didn’t reveal any side effects and undesirable events. Rectal suppositories with clopidogrel have been shown to exhibit faster reliable anti-aggregation effect in comparison with intragastric administration.

Введение. Согласно приказу МЗ Украины от 29.03.2017 р. № 346, сотрудники Национальной полиции Украины обязаны оказывать домедицинскую помощь пострадавшим при неотложных состояниях в чрезвычайных ситуациях мирного времени и в условиях боевых действий. По нашему мнению, более эффективным методом обучения в данной ситуации является симуляционное обучение. Цель. Оценка эффективности симуляционного обучения сотрудников Национальной полиции на базе Запорожского государственного медицинского университета по программе «Первый на месте происшествия». Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ обучения 150 сотрудников Национальной полиции в Запорожском государственном медицинском университете по программе «Первый на месте происшествия» в 2018 году. Эффективность симуляционного обучения определяли с помощью тестирования и оценки практических навыков на муляжах, манекенах по симуляционным сценариям. Проводилось анонимное анкетирование слушателей курса. Результаты. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют о достаточно низком базовом уровне практических навыков сотрудников Национальной полиции. Особенно низок был базовый уровень практических навыков проведения искусственной вентиляции легких (8,20 ± 0,16 %), проведения базовой сердечно-легочной реанимации с использованием автоматического наружного дефибриллятора у детей и взрослых (8,20 ± 0,14 %), принятия физиологических родов (6,20 ± 0,14 %). Но после прохождения симуляционных тренингов уровень практических навыков слушателей курса статистически достоверно увеличился. По данным анонимного анкетирования, 89 % респондентов не имели подобного опыта обучения; 100 % респондентов получили много новой информации и новые практические навыки по оказанию экстренной домедицинской помощи; 67 % респондентов среди сложностей отметили оказание экстренной домедицинской помощи детям, новорожденным, а также принятие физиологических родов; 88 % респондентов осознают необходимость восстановления и поддержания приобретенных практических навыков и выразили пожелания относительно прохождения подобных курсов минимум раз в 6 месяцев.

Objective: To investigate the risk of mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals of the voice-speech professions and the possibility of its impact on voice function and quality of life. Materials and Methods: The study involved 33 people of voice-speech professions who were treated at the University Clinic of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University in 2020. The presence of mental disorders was determined by questionnaires using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the absence and presence of significantly expressed symptoms. A specialized phoniatric examination using functional loads (measuring the time of maximum phonation (PMF), perceptual assessment of the voice according to the GRBAS scale), videostroboscopy of the larynx were carried out. The assessment of the mental impact of voice disorders on the quality of life was carried out according to the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire. The statistical significance of the comparative indicators and the connection of their changes were established using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that among the surveyed 33 people, 22 patients (group 1) had subclinical anxiety and depression, and 11 (group 2) had no significant symptoms. Patients with subclinically severe mental disorders (n = 22) showed a significant increase in the emotional indicator by 85.37% (p≤0.01). A high positive relationship was found between subclinical levels of anxiety and depression and disturbances in the phonatory cycle of the larynx. When conducting a Spearman correlation analysis between the data of perceptual assessment of the voice according to the GRBAS system, data of video stroboscopy of the larynx, indicators of anxiety and depression, and the results of the VHI questionnaire, a positive relationship of a high degree was established between the level of anxiety and vibratory insufficiency of the vocal folds (rs=0.95; p≤0.05), negative with the Navy (rs=-0.59; p≤0.05), as well as physical (rs=0.75; p≤0.05) and emotional (rs=0.79; p≤0.05) components of average quality of life. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of subclinical disorders of the mental state on impaired voice function and the emotional component of the quality of life in persons of vocal-speech professions. Conclusions: Screening of mental health in persons of voice-speech professions together with a baseline assessment of voice function and quality of life are important steps for monitoring potential voice disorders and the formation of risk groups in order to carry out preventive and therapeutic measures for voice disorders.

The aim of the study: to establish the frequencies of polymorphisms in VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genes among residents of the Zaporizhzhia region. Materials and methods. A total of 150 persons (62 male, 88 female) with a median age of 46 years (26; 58) undergoing preventive examination at the Medical Educational and Scientific Center “University Clinic” of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU). The CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 genes polymorphisms in atrial fibrillation patients were determined in the Department of Molecular Genetic Studies of the ZSMU Medical Laboratory Center. Amplification of DNA fragments containing polymorphic regions was performed using multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction with Warfarin Pharmacogenetics kits (LLC NPO DNA Technology) in a CFX-96 thermocycler (BioRad) with a fluorescence detection scheme. Results. It was determined that among Zaporizhzhia region residents, the frequencies of CYP2C9*2 genotypes were: C/C – 77.3 %, C/T – 22.7 %, T/T – 0; CYP2C9*3 genotypes: A/A – 88.7 %, A/C – 10.7 %, C/C – 0.6 %; CYP4F2 genotypes: C/C – 56.0 %, C/T – 35.3 %, T/T – 8.7 %; VKORC1 genotypes: G/G – 38.0 %, G/A – 50.0 %, A/A – 12.0 %. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotype frequencies between males and females and between different age groups. The frequencies of CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 genotypes in different populations were compared. Their variability in different geographic regions was established. Conclusions. CYP4F2 and VKORC1 genes polymorphisms are more common in the Zaporizhzhia region, while the prevalence of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 genes polymorphisms is much lower. It is necessary to take into account the prevalence of genes polymorphisms that affect warfarin metabolism for each individual population to select its dose by pharmacogenetic testing.

Today, pharmaceutical education has to respond flexibly, dynamically and adequately to social transformations by developing new educational services, teaching technologies and organizing the training process. In response to the demand of the time, postgraduate professional education strives to meet the current needs; a new concept of increasing the effectiveness of education and the professional level of specialists has been formed: lifelong learning is impossible without the use of information and communication technologies. The aim of the work is to identify the features of the organization of the training process of pharmaceutical professionals at the postgraduate stage at Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) and to outline its problematic issues with further identification of possible ways of improvement in the context of continuing professional development (CPD). Materials and methods. The study was grounded on the experience of organizing the training of pharmaceutical interns, students of advanced training cycles at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education of ZSMU for the last 10 years, reporting and other accounting documents, regulations on higher pharmaceutical education at various levels. The methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping, deduction, logic and generalization are used in the work. Results. The postgraduate phase of СPD of pharmaceutical specialists is aimed at improving professional competencies and allows the specialist to maintain or improve the standards of professional activity in accordance with the needs of health care. Training of pharmaceutical specialists at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education is practiced both face-to-face and distantly, using distance learning technologies in a specialized web environment, grounding on modern psychological, pedagogical and information and communication technologies (basic is Microsoft Office 365 and others). This format of education stimulates students to unleash their potential, increase the level of self-organization and self-management, deepens professional competencies by improving the communication component. The management of ZSMU, driven by social responsibility, constantly works on improving the quality of educational services, including those of the postgraduate stage. Conclusions. According to the results of critical analysis of the experience of training pharmaceutical interns and students of advanced training cycles at FPE of ZSMU for the last 10 years, reporting and regulatory documentation, features of the educational process of pharmaceutical specialists at the postgraduate stage are identified, its problematic issues are outlined and ways to solve them in the context of СPD are deteermined.

The family Apiaceae includes 474 genera and 3992–4050 species that are distributed around the globe. Of all the variety of species, our attention was drawn to the raw material of anise – Anisum vulgare Gaertrn.; fennel – Foeniculum vulgare Mill., which contains derivatives of phenylpropane; coriander – Coriandrum sativum L.; dill – Anethum graveolens L.; caraway – Carum carvi L., which is rich in monoterpenoid derivatives. These plants are widely used in medical practice and known to have antimicrobial, antispasmodic, expectorant, antihypertensive, diuretic, choleretic, carminative effects. This versatility is due to the presence of different groups of biologically active substances in the raw materials of plants. The aim of the research is to determine, by means of gas chromatography, a component composition of fruit tinctures of Anisum vulgare Gaertrn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L. and Carum carvi L. Materials and methods. Tinctures were prepared in ratio 1:5 (extractant – 70 % ethyl alcohol) from anise, fennel, coriander, dill, and caraway fruits, which had been harvested in the experimental field of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University in August 2019. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the active compounds was performed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977B mass spectrometric detector. The NIST14 mass spectrum library was used to identify the components. Results. It has been revealed that the tinctures of Anisum vulgare Gaertrn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L., and Carum carvi L. differ in qualitative and quantitative composition of components of chromato-mass spectrometry. Tinctures of Anethum fructus contain 28 components, among which 8.028 RT (-)-Carvone (52.63 %) and 4.861 RT D-Limonene (17.74 %) prevail. Tinctures of Coriandrum fructus contain 37 components with the highest content of 11,016 RT Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl (20.7 %) and 19.372 RT 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one (8.57 %). In the tincture of Carum carvi L., which contains 33 components, the following may be considered predominant: 7.988 RT Benzaldehyde, 4-(1-methylethyl) (47.37 %) and 19,311 RT undetermined compound (5.88 %). The tincture of Anisum fructus has 22 components, with the highest content of 8.531 RT Estragole (60.32 %) and 4.852 RT D-Limonene (5.15 %); Foeniculum fructus tincture contains 52 components, among which 5.745 RT Fenchone (15.39 %) and 8.5 RT Anethole (11.37 %) prevail. Conclusions. The results of gas chromatography of fruits of the Apiaceae family significantly expand the information about the chemical composition of raw materials and indicate the prospects for use in pharmaceutical and medical practice. Analyzing the results of gas chromatography, it has been found that tinctures of fruits of the Apiaceae family differ in qualitative and quantitative composition of components. Tinctures of Foeniculum fructus contain 52 components, Coriandrum fructus – 37 components, Carum carvi L. contain 33 components, Anethum fructus – 28 components, Anisum fructus – 22 components. The obtained experimental data can be used to create regulatory documentation for a particular type of medicinal plant raw materials.

The achievements of the world organic chemistry are most clearly represented by scientific publications that prove the promising nature of heterocyclic substances. The possibility of combining various pharmacophore fragments and 1,2,4-triazole in one molecule is quite popular. In 2018, the drug Trifuzol-NEO appeared on the veterinary market of Ukraine, which took its rightful place among synthetic immunomodulators for various groups of unproductive animals. So, further studies of new promising compounds among substituted 1,2,4-triazole, which can be used as objects for the creation of new original domestic antimicrobial and antifungal agents, remains relevant and has theoretical and practical significance. The aim of our work was to investigate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of a number of new fluorophenyl-containing derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole and, in some cases, to trace the presence of certain patterns between structure and action. The sensitivity of new fluorophenyl-containing derivatives of 1,2.4-triazole was studied by the method of serial dilutions in accordance with the methodological recommendations. From the initial concentration of the new synthesized compounds of 1 mg/ml, a series of two-fold serial dilutions were prepared in Mueller–Hinton broth in a volume of 1 ml. Then, 0.1 ml of microbial curtain (106 m. c./ml) was added to each tube. MIC (MIC) was determined in the absence of visible growth in a test tube with the minimum concentration of the drug, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBcK) – in the absence of growth on agar after inoculation from transparent tubes. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a solvent for the compounds in the studies. The research was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Analyzing the results of studying the sensitivity of substances to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it should be noted that almost all compounds were active against the bacteria. It should be noted that a number of compounds were found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, and 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols generally exceeded several times the activity indices of the reference drug (MIC 1.95 μg/ml, MBcK 3.9 μg/ml) to Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the compounds were found to be quite active against Candida albicans. Among the corresponding 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-((aryl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols, the highest activity for Candida albicans exhibit 5-(2-fluorophenyl) -4-((4-bromophenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-((2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. It was found that most of the compounds exhibit a moderate antimicrobial and a fairly high antifungal effect. The most sensitive strain was S. aureus in relation to 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(((5-nitrofurans-2-yl)methylene)amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, Candida albicans proved to be very sensitive to 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-((4-bromophenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-4((2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)ylidene)amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol.

Throughout human history, cataracts have been one of the leading causes of blindness. For this disease, we studied the market of drugs of domestic and foreign production.
 The object of our study was the subgroup S10X Other ophthalmic drugs. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU) together with specialists of the NGO “Pharmatron” was synthesized a new compound, which was named Angiolin. A rational dosage form in the form of eye drops was proposed for the new drug. Since the drops continue to be the most common and widely used in practice dosage form.
 We have previously selected the optimal content of the active substance in eye drops. As is known from the technological parameters, eye drops must be isotonic, ie in their composition should be added excipients.
 The aim of our work is to select the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin.
 Materials and methods. During the work at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of ZSMU, three solutions of eye drops Angiolin with different composition were prepared, and later the theoretical osmolarity was calculated.
 Results. Accurate theoretical calculation of the osmolarity of solutions containing substances with high molecular weight, complex total extracts, and highly concentrated solutions is impossible. Since the excipient was used methylcellulose, it was better to perform such a calculation experimentally, through the determination of osmolality. On the basis of the conducted researches, for correction of osmolarity, we were chosen – sodium chloride. Sodium chloride was selected at a concentration of 7.0 g/l, which creates an osmolality of the drug equal to 234.3 mosmol/kg. The estimated value at the same concentration of sodium chloride was 239.56 mosmol/l. The value of osmolarity of eye drops was calculated from it makes 302,18 mosmol/l that was confirmed the correctness of the chosen concentration of sodium chloride as a part of eye drops.
 Conclusions. Based on the above, we selected the concentration of excipients for the manufacture of eye drops Angiolin.

Uncomplicated hypertensive crises without acute or progressive damage to the target organs pose a potential threat to the patient’s life and require rapid reduction of arterial pressure within hours or days in an outpatient setting. The existing protocol for the treatment of this pathology is not entirely perfect, as it does not offer the primary physician a clear and unambiguous description of the use of effective and complementary drugs. The use in these cases of nasal transport of antihypertensive active pharmaceutical ingredients in appropriate dosage forms makes it possible to ensure their rapid delivery to the bloodstream and perivascular structures of the brain. Based on previous experience, and taking into account biopharmaceutical research on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of captopril innovative captopril dosage form has been developed and put into practice for trasmucosal administration as 2.5 % intranasal gel with controlled releasing of captopril substance in Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. The aim of the research was to study the pharmacodynamics of captopril gel in patients with arterial hypertension with uncomplicated hypertensive crises. Materials and methods. 58 outpatients with stage 2 arterial hypertension with uncomplicated cardiac crises were surveyed, an experienced group had 30 patients aged from 38 to 69 years (average age 52.60 ± 5.03 years) with average duration of disease 11.50 ± 2.72 years, obtained the intranasal application into two nasal routes 0.5 ml 2.5 % captopril gel with a dose syringe. Comparison group had 28 patients with stage 2 arterial hypertension with uncomplicated cardiac crises aged from 37 to 65 years with duration of arterial hypertension 10.8 ± 2.63 years, obtained peroral captopril in equivalent dose. Captopril tablets 0.025 g were used as a reference drug. In the course of treatment, the indicators of office blood pressure and heart rate in the crisis state were determined after 60, 120 and 240 minutes after the use of captopril. Because of asymmetric distribution, the non-parametric method – the Wilcoxon signed-rank test – was used. Results. There has been a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure one hour after the gel’s intranasal application by 19.9 % and 23.8 % respectively, whereas, after the use of captopril in tablets, there is only a tendency to decrease systolic and diastolic pressures by 8.8 % and 11.6 % respectively. Two hours after the use of the gel, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 23.5 % and 23.5 % respectively, reaching the level recommended by the leading cardiologists of Ukraine. After oral administration of the captopril tablets, systolic arterial pressure decreased by 13 %, diastolic arterial pressure, and heart rate showed only a downward trend. Four hours after the use of the captopril gel, there was a gradual increase in systolic arterial pressure, and the level of diastolic arterial pressure remained almost the same. After application of captopril gel, the heart rate in the treatment dynamics remained unchanged, with a trend of acceleration in the first time of treatment, and decreased by 4 hours by 12.4 %. Conclusions. A randomized, controlled study of nasal captopril pharmacodynamics in the form of 2.5 % hydrophilic gel compared to its tableted dosage form in patients with arterial hypertension with uncomplicated hypertensive crises was carried out. It has been established that the nasal dosage form of captopril provides for the reduction of the arterial pressure to the level recommended in the case of uncomplicated hypertensive crises for 4 hours more efficiently than the oral agent. Captopril nasal gel has been shown to have good tolerance and there are practically no side effects from its use.

The aim. To analyze possibility of development and describe the clinical case of the red border verrucous leukoplakia caused by the use of IQOS heated tobacco product and HEETS sticks and propose personalized clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of a patient management. Materials and methods. Based on own observation, this article describes a clinical case of verrucous leukoplakia of the red border arising in a patient who used IQOS heated tobacco product and HEETS sticks. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination and treatment were performed on the basis of the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology with the course of Dermatovenereology and Aesthetic Medicine of the Postgraduate Education Faculty of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Results . The plaque-type verrucous leukoplakia of the red border was diagnosed based on clinical examination of the patient and diagnosis verification by means of laboratory examination and dermatoscopy. Considering the possible traumatic lesion, a high probability of the disease recurrence, patient’s refusal of surgical treatment methods, the topical therapy for affected area with the use of combined drug containing glucocorticosteroid, antibacterial and antimycotic components was prescribed for 1 month followed by long-term therapy using 1 % pimecrolimus cream. Conclusions. Based on the literature analysis, it was found out that IQOS heated tobacco product and HEETS sticks can promote the development of such manifestations of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction as inflammation, infection, fibrosis, oncologic pathology and become one of initiating agents for the occurrence of red border verrucous leukoplakia. The use of topical glucocorticosteroids combined with topical inhibitors of calcineurin can be proposed as an alternative to surgical methods of treatment for leukoplakia and it requires more detailed study.

The eyes are one of the most vulnerable human organs. An important place among all traumatic injuries belongs to burns, which are characterized by a large number of adverse consequences.Today, the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is mainly occupied by drugs of foreign origin, therefore, the urgent task of modern pharmacy is to create and expand the range of the domestic pharmaceutical market and the relative cheapness of the drug in comparison with other drugs, in a future.The employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU), together with specialists from NPO Pharmatron, synthesized a new compound called “Angiolin” ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl -5-thioacetate). The obtained compound has anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, reparative effect .A rational dosage form in the form of eye drops was proposed and created for the new drug.The aim of the work is to develop a technique for standardizing the active substance in “Angiolin” eye drops ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-5-thioacetate) by spectrophotometry.Materials and methods: A certified substance of аngiolin was used in the research (manufacturer: State Enterprise “Plant of Chemical Reagents” of the Scientific and Technological Complex “Institute of Single Crystals” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, series 2451117). The spectrophotometric method for the analysis of the аngiolin substance was taken as a basis. The studies were carried out using an Optizen POP spectrophotometer, measurements were carried out at a wavelength in the range of 200–300 nm, a cuvette thickness of 10 mm.Results. Studies were performed on six series of 1% eye drops “Angiolin”, which was quantified by spectrophotometric method. It was found that the content of аngiolin in eye drops was in the range of 0.00981–0.01011 g/ml. Thus, in terms of the content of the active substance, the studied series of eye drops meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia. Subsequently, another five series of «Angiolin» eye drops were analyzed, which also met the pharmacopoeial requirements for the content of the active substance (0.00980–0.01015 g/ml). We believe that the developed method for standardizing eye drops is reproducible.Conclusion: In the research, we have developed a method for standardizing the active substance in “Angiolin” eye drops by spectrophotometry. The developed technique is reproducible, accurate, and in the future, after its validation, it can be used in the standardization of the active substance in various dosage forms.