Zagorsk Pumped-storage Station Research Articles

Experience in adjusting the bearing assembly of the reversible unit at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Experience in adjusting the bearing assembly of the reversible unit at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Special works during construction of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

1. Gidrospetsproekt should design the groundwater system. 2. One contractor should drill the wells and operate the groundwater-lowering system. 3. In connection with the geological conditions, the wells should be of very high quality, for which own enrichment of the filter material (sand of the blanket) and strict control during drilling the wells are necessary. 4. It is efficient to drill the wells by a 1BA-15V rig with a tool with backwashing. 5. With respect to piles of the penstock foundation: Drilling the holes for the piles should be done only with casings. To organize 24-h work for increasing productivity. Works on forming the pile heads should be done immediately after concreting the pile. The piles should be tested after each change in the geological conditions. 6. With respect vertical drainage: the wells should be of high quality, with an enormous safety margin.

New designs of revetments for the earth slopes at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

1. At the current stage of hydrotechnical construction designs of structures constructed with the complete or maximum use of natural materials and providing complete mechanization of the construction and repair of structures can be most effective. 2. It is necessary to begin immediately experimental laboratory studies and to provide standards on the use of natural materials of the sand-gravel mixture type in designs of hydraulic structures. 3. It is necessary to begin exploration of potential deposits of SGMs and to calculate their reserves.

Zagorsk pumped-storage station: Main results of construction and operation

Zagorsk pumped-storage station: Main results of construction and operation

Main stages in the construction and formation of the team at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

The Zagorsk PSS—the first pumped storage stations with a capacity of 1200 MW—was constructed slowly, for a long time.

Efficiency of using the upper reservoir of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

1. In the upper reservoir of the Zagorsk PSS there are standing waves of a complex frequency spectrum having a virtually undamped character. 2. The excess of the level of the crest of the upper reservoir embankment of the PSS should be selected with consideration of not only waves caused by meteorological factors but also the presence of standing waves. 3. The standard systems of measuring the upper pool level of the PSS should provide for averaging the measurements. 4. To eliminate nonproductive water losses through leaks of the close gate apparatus of the PSS units and increased power losses in the SC regime, it is advisable to provide for the installation of preturbine gates at newly planned PSSs.

Designing the Zagorsk pumped-storage station and designer’s supervision of the course of construction

Designing the Zagorsk pumped-storage station and designer’s supervision of the course of construction

Construction of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station in the final stage

Construction of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station in the final stage

Organization of quality control of earthworks and concreting during construction of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

1. The quality control system created at the Zagorsk PSS mainly provides quality control of construction. However, the repeated transfer of control from one firm to another leads to the loss of primary documents needed for putting the structure into service. 2. The absence of test equipment (tensile-test machines of more than 100 tons, freezers, etc.) does not permit conducting tests in good time and to the full extent. 3. It is necessary to solve the problem of appropriate financing of the control service (at least 1% of the cost of construction and assembly works).

Repair works to prevent leaks in structures of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Repair works to prevent leaks in structures of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Concerning operation of the power equipment at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Concerning operation of the power equipment at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Evaluation of possible variants of backup methods of starting reversible pump-turbine motor-generator sets at the zagorsk pumped-storage station in a pump mode

1. As a rule, a backup starting device differing fundamentally from the primary one is provided for at multiple-set PSSs with high-power reversible sets (single capacity of 100 MW and more) regardless of the type and number of the primary starting devices. 2. The use as a backup method of asynchronous connection of high-power reversible sets to the total line voltage cannot be recommended, since such connection has a negative effect on the stability of the power pool and, furthermore, requires taking special design measures which lead to a considerable increase of cost of the motor-generator with a simultaneous decrease of its reliability. 3. Under conditions of an operating station, when selecting the backup starting method it is necessary to take into account the impossibility of a major rearrangement of the electrical equipment and expansion of its composition. 4. The results of tests at the Zagorsk PSS and calculations at the Moscow Power Institute confirm the prospects of using as a backup theasynchronous-synchronous method of starting from an adjacent reversible set, which provides simplicity and reliability of asynchronous starting and minimum current loads at the stage of synchronous frequency acceleration.

Experience in operating the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Experience in operating the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Use of the satellite geodesy method in studying movements of the slopes of the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

research center carried out experimental measurements in the horizontal control network of the PSS with the use of the satellite geodesy method to evaluate the effectiveness of its use on the object. The characteristics of the network and instruments used, results of experimental measurements as well as a comparison of the measurement results by new and traditional methods are given below. A schematic diagram of the existing horizontal control network of the Zagorsk PSS is shown in Fig. 1. The coordinates O f points on the slope were determined from the control network by various methods. The points of the network were stabilized by pipe-type marks (depth of placement 2.5 m). The pipe of the mark projects 1.2 m above the surface, a disk is welded to its top for placement and forced (mechanical) centering of the geodetic instruments and equipment. The centering error is about 0.1-0.2 mm. The control network is linear-angular. The sides of he network were measured in the latest cycles by a Geodimeter 14A, the angles by a type T2 theodolite with nine rounds. The standard deviations (SDs) of measuring the lengths of the sides and angles were 2-3 nun and 1.5". The network was adjusted as free, and the "center of gravity of the network" with coordinates X o = ~Xi/n , Yo = ~Yi/n, where X i and Yi are the coordinates of the network points and n is their number, was taken as the starting point. In all cycles X 0 and Y0 are the same. According to the adjustment results, the SDs of the abscissas and ordinates of the points were within 0.2-1 mm, and the errors of the position of the points did not exceed 1.1 mm. The differences of the coordinates of the points between cycles were within the accuracy of determining them.

Operation and safety of hydroelectric stations seepage regime of structures at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station during temporary operation

1. The monitoring and measuring instruments installed in the structures of the hydrodevelopment in the main provide monitoring of their condition. At the same time it should be noted that measurements of the drainage discharges due to unpreparedness of the measuring devices, absence of approaches, etc., are not being carried out in the full amount. 2. The results of observations of seepage during seven years of temporary operation as a whole indicate correspondence of the main indices to the design assumptions. 3. The detected anomalies of the seepage regime do not impede normal operation of the structures.

Selection of the revetment on the upstream slope of the upper reservoir at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station and its condition after seven years' service

1. The use of wood boards in expansion and working joints of the concrete slopes of PSS reservoirs in the variable level zone is impermissible. In the winter the board works as a wedge, destroying the concrete. 2. Selection of the concrete composition and the technology of its placement should be done at a separate test area under conditions of the construction site, i.e., before placing the concrete in the design structure. 3. In the case of dispensing with vertical concrete retaining walls for the upstream slope of PSS reservoirs and sufficient supplies of sand-gravel mixture in the construction zone, it is necessary to specify more gentle slopes with a steepness of not more than 1\3n8 and with a revetment of a sand-gravel mix with an increase of cobble. The process of placing such a revetment during construction is practically all-weather, which shortens the construction time as a whole. When the PSS reservoirs during 24 hr have a complete cycle of emptying to the dead storage level (DSL) and filling to the normal pool level (NPL), slope revetments with a sand-gravel mixture of the design thickness are more maintainable than concrete filterless revetments. 4. In the case of a filterless revetment with stiff fine-grained concrete of the slopes of PSS reservoirs with a steepness of 1\3n3.5 and steeper, it is necessary to use the already tested special concrete-placing complexes and to provide pressure-relief drains in the revetment slabs themselves.

Computerization of inspection of the state of structures at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Computerization of inspection of the state of structures at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Reconstruction of the design technology of the synchronous capacitor regime of the units at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Reconstruction of the design technology of the synchronous capacitor regime of the units at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Analysis of the principal scheme and layout of the main hydropower equipment at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Analysis of the principal scheme and layout of the main hydropower equipment at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

Concerning the maximum allowable values of indices of the state of structures at the Zagorsk pumped-storage station

On the basis of the results of observations on structures of the Zagorsk PSS during temporary operation (since 1988), NIIES and Gidroproekt developed a system of criterion indices of the state of the structures.