Youth Speech Research Articles

Mamaindê Remixed: Locally Sourced and Externally Motivated Language Change in Southern Amazonia

Language change within minority languages is still an underdocumented area of sociolinguistic research. This study addresses that gap by focusing on two speech varieties within Mamaindê, an endangered language of Amazonia. First, the language ecology of Mamaindê is discussed, with attention to the vitality of the traditional language in each of its communities. The structures of the two speech varieties are then described, showing the radical difference in their inflectional morphologies. This is followed by a description of the language use patterns of each and how a former youth speech style has become the accepted language practice for all but the very elderly. leading to generational change. In the conclusion, evidence is offered that suggests this linguistic change is due to societal change, where the youth have gained status in the community and their speech has gained prestige as a result.

RESEARCH ON THE FUNCTIONING OF ETHNOGRAPHIC VOCABULARY IN THE SPEECH OF STUDENTS

This article reveals topical issues of the study of ethnographic materials at the present stage and ethnographicisms in the speech of student youth, describes the results of the questionnaire survey in the process of ascertaining the level of knowledge of students of ethnographic vocabulary and its functioning and use in the speech activity of students of the direction "Russian as a foreign language" philological faculty. Aim. The aim of this article is focused, first of all, on students' independent acquisition of information not only in the professional field from original foreign-language sources but also knowledge from different areas of life. Various information, including ethnographic format, expanding the horizons of student youth, enriching it with relevant knowledge, in turn, is associated with the problems of the comprehensive development of the individual in general, and professional self-development, in particular. Methods. Descriptive and comparative research methods, survey, observation and interview methods are used, which can be applied in the study of the Russian language and ethnographic terms. Results. The results of questionnaires and observations can serve as an important source for future educational and search, linguistic, scientific, methodological and other research. As a result of the research, it was revealed that students do not know enough ethnographic terminology. The main thing is that any attempt to identify and assimilate students of ethnographic terminology will have a positive impact on such internal personal factors as spiritual and cultural education, national values, mentality and outlook of students. Conclusions. The study of the use of ethnographic materials by students in the study of Russian as a foreign language at the university showed the relevance and topicality of the use of ethnographic materials for the development and improvement of the Russian speech of student youth. It was revealed that the conclusions drawn in the process of questioning and interviewing students will diversify the content of Russian language classes at the university, stimulate students to study the Russian language, as well as the widespread use of ethnographic words by student youth in the Russian speech stream.

Youth language in virtual space in Nigeria: Multimodal affordance, indexicality and youth identities

AbstractVirtual space expressions contribute to the proliferation of African youth lingo within the Nigerian environment. However, beyond the sheer accumulation of lingual features, virtual space in Nigeria is also a site for the projection of both modern and indigenous youth identities, and for the deployment of sundry communication codes and multimodal affordances. This article explores this twin deployment, first as a way of broadening the sociolinguistic profile of African urban and youth languages, and second as a platform for examining aspects of youth identity formations in the Nigerian setting and how these intersect with the larger linguistic and sociolinguistic environment. Employing the methodology of content analysis, the article establishes youth language practice in virtual space in the Nigerian environment as not only multimodal, but also as indexical. Data samples are drawn from multiple discussion threads onNairaland, a Nigerian youth news and entertainment blog that is hugely representative of the virtual space youth speech community in the country. The article concludes that virtual space and multimodal affordances enable the projection of hybridized and sometimes nondescript youth identities and alter-egos, as well as a display of communicative usages that appear distinctively African.

The value of family among youth (based on conversational language of youth)

The subject of this research is the conversational language of modern youth, which is thematically diverse, as followed from fulfilling grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research “Language that is commonly used in a family: axiological reality and methods of research (based on the conversational language of a Ural city)”, 2018-2020. Emphasis was placed on the topic of family values and parenting, which is explained by high relevance of this topic for young people. The goal consists in description of axiological reality of modern students in the area of family relations. In the course of analysis, the author uses the methodology developed by the grant collective, which implies determination of the value aspects of thematic and communicative content in text of the dialogue. The dialogue implements a number of value orientations inherent to the Russian national culture, such as: marriage, childbirth, parenting, relation to older generation. Participants of the dialogue describe parental attitudes that pertain to family and reality overall. The recordings of conversational speech of youth demonstrate that respondents directly explicate family values, as well as anti-values. Implicitly, the analyzed text contains the value of love and kindness. Analysis of the text indicates that respondent prefer harmonious and nonconfrontational communication. Unanimity in the value attitudes is reflected in communicative behavior: the respondents approve the raised topics, agree with the declared value orientations, and avoid conflict behavior.

Sociolinguistic Monitoring of Word Usage Frequency of Youth Sociolect

The current paper describes the lexical units of youth sociolect and is aimed at monitoring youth speech. Special attention is given to heterogeneous social factors that influence the word usage in youth sociolect and involve micro-and macrosociolinguistic pilot projects on frequency occurrence of English words in a multicultural society. Miscrosociolinguistic analysis was focused on societal and gender differences in youth sociolect. The initial stage of the macrosociolinguistic monitoring included the questionnaire development, setting the boundaries of a sociolinguistic survey and the number of lexical items under consideration. The second step in the project was monitoring itself. Finally, the results of the monitoring were analyzed. The study was carried out through an online questionnaire, face-to-face and remote interviewing, with native English speakers and speakers of other languages from different countries and regions. The monitoring of usage frequency demonstrated that a limited number of English lexical units are used in interpersonal and professional communication; the other part of words presents a diverse picture. The respondents involved in professional activity tend to demonstrate more tolerance to the youth sociolect than ordinary people. The analysis proved the point about the heterogeneous character of sociolect usage by youth and its dependence on the sphere of communication.

MELODIC PECULIARITIES OF REGIONAL DIALECT REPRESENTATIVES’ SPEECH

The article is performed in the framework of modern sociophonetics. Functioning of English in Scotland is characterized by correlation of regional pronouncing norm, dialects of Scots and also Gaelic language. In bilingual situation, interference of language system led to appearance of the majority of mixed language forms. The given article deals with the attempt to reveal in Glasgo informants nonformal spontaneous speech of the two age group representatives prosodic markers of their speech behavior. Emphasized during the analysis age prosodic peculiarities of the Scots speech behavior revealed characteristic differentiating features of each investigated group. Differentiating features of the Glasgo speech dialect age group 55-65 years, male representatives are the following: fractional syntagmatic devision, prevalence of High Head and Rising terminal tone of the final intonational group. Typical speech behavior age group 19-20 years, male college students is a highly fractional delimitation of speech and usage of emphatic terminal tones, which on the background of narrow voice range create the effect of emotionally neutral speech. Specific peculiarity of Scotish dialect speakers is the usage of low unstressed pre head in combination with high rising nuclear syllable and rising level of unstressed tail. Thus, taking into account the conducted analysis we may state that elements of urban speech style most vividly presented in the youth speech, on the background of emotionally colored prosodic models usage. The results of the perceptive analyses will support further study of sociophonetic variation of the Scottish speech.

An Integrative Review of Current Practice Models and/or Process of Family-Centered Early Intervention for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing shift toward emphasizing the importance of the child's family taking an active role in the habilitation process through family-centered early intervention (FCEI) programs. Accordingly, the Health Professions Council of South Africa recommends that early intervention services following confirmation of hearing loss must be family-centered within a community-based model of service delivery that is culturally congruent. The aim of this study was to explore and document current evidence reflecting trends in FCEI for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) by identifying and describing current practice models and/or processes of FCEI for these children. This study describes our first steps in formulating a framework for FCEI for children who are DHH in South Africa. An integrative literature review was conducted. Sage, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published in English between January 2009 and January 2019 reporting on FCEI programs for children who are DHH. Studies that focused on the following were excluded from the study: speech and language outcomes of children, youth, and adults who are DHH; education for children who are DHH; universal newborn hearing screening; professionals' roles in early hearing detection and intervention; diagnosis of hearing loss; and sign language. Kappa statistics were performed to determine agreement between reviewers. Twenty-two studies were included in the review. Cohen's kappa revealed a substantial agreement (κ = 0.8) between reviewers for data extraction and synthesis in terms of the articles that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Findings were discussed under 5 themes: caregiver involvement; caregiver coaching/information sharing; caregiver satisfaction; challenges with FCEI; and telehealth. Generally, there is sufficient evidence for FCEI, with caregivers indicating the need for full involvement in their children's care. Methods of caregiver involvement involving caregiver coaching/information sharing need to be culturally and linguistically appropriate, with sensitivities around time and manner. This increases caregiver satisfaction with intervention programs and improves outcomes for children who are DHH. Challenges identified by the studies raise implications for early hearing detection and intervention programs, as well as Departments of Health and Social Welfare. These included logistical challenges, professional-related challenges, and caregiver-related challenges. Various aspects of FCEI have been reported in the review. Findings of these studies have significant implications for the formulation of quality FCEI programs to ensure contextually relevant and contextually responsive care of children who are DHH.

GLOBALISATION OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE LEXICAL SYSTEM: AGE, GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL DIMENSIONS

The article is aimed at the analysis of a linguistic problem of the use of Anglo-American loanwords in the Ukrainian language connected with the English globalisation and transformation into the language of international communication. The authors argue that the Anglo-Americanisms can be transferable to the original Ukrainian synonymous words because there are analogues and one-word equivalents for them. The youth slang is considered as a separate part of the national language, which represents the development of society. Therefore, the authors make an attempt to identify its role in globalisation processes. The hypothesis of the research is that the use of Anglo-Americanisms depends on the age, gender and educational dimensions. The analysis of linguistic behaviour based on empirical data was carried out. In order to achieve the aim of the research, a set of scientific methods was used, namely: analysis, synthesis, comparing, generalisation, questioning and interviewing. The study involved 300 people, 150 women and 150 men. Gender has a certain influence on the degree of the use of Anglo-Americanisms in the speech of youth: young men use English loans more often than young women. The participants were divided into two age groups of 17-18 years old and 19-20 years old. The difference between two groups is not significant. Participants were also subdivided into two groups depending on the factor where they received their education. One group consisted of the students studying in higher educational institutions, and the second one was made up of students from colleges and technical schools. The loanwords are typical of the speech of all the young people regardless of their speciality. The youth slang affects the use of English loanwords in the Ukrainian language. The majority of respondents (64%) showed the increasing number of Anglo-Americanisms in their vocabulary. Most of young people prefer them to the Ukrainian equivalents. The Ukrainian youth slang is full of Anglo-Americanisms and this process is getting more intense

Urban Youth Style or Emergent Urban Vernacular? The Rise of Namibia's Kasietaal

This study discusses Kasietaal, a continuum of language practices associated with youth in the low-income areas of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. To what extent does Kasietaal fit the description of an urban youth speech style or of a new lingua franca? To answer this question, this study discusses sociolinguistic perceptions of younger and older residents of Katutura, Windhoek's historically Black neighbourhood. It also uses linguistic materials produced by a Kasietaal performance elicited from a subset of the younger informants. The data suggest that Kasietaal is a post-independence phenomenon, with a manipulated lexicon of diverse origins as its most salient feature. But Kasietaal is not just a “floating lexicon” like South Africa's Tsotsitaal: It is tied to an Afrikaans variety with low-status lingua franca functions, with which it is likely to be co-evolving for want of other linguistic options for projecting urban inter-ethnic solidarity.

LINGUOSTYLISTIC FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING FRENCH YOUTH SLANG

The purpose of the article is to analyse and identify the linguistic and stylistic features of the origin and translation of French slang, taking into account the peculiarities of word formation. Research methods: comparison, classification, systematization, observation, analysis of the results of researchers on the problem of the study and expert evaluation. Results: the article is a study of phonetic–morphological and semantic–stylistic features of argotic vocabulary in contemporary French language. The author emphasized that the developed national language is not monolithic, but rather constitutes the set of forms in which it exists and is manifested in a hierarchically organized multi–stage system. The possibility of transformation method applying, translation combined method, as well as the techniques of variative, contextual, hyper– and hyponomic substitutions, calculations, descriptive translation, interpretation and compensation is characterized. The influence of modern computer technologies on modern youth slang trends is noted. Basic ways of formation of slang words and the phraseology of the youth speech are analyzed. The specific directions of future translation, contrast, lexicological, lexicographic, stylistic studies have been identified: the translation of the language of films with an argot component, modern youth argot, argotisms of national–territorial variants of the French language; bilingual dictionaries creation of argotic vocabulary; theory and practice of forming translation competence in the field of social dialectology. The importance of considering the content and quality content of youth slang under the influence of modern social processes is emphasized. Conclusions: The conducted research has shown that the argotic vocabulary can be considered as a special lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a steady tendency to penetrate into higher linguistic levels due to its phonetic–morphological and semantic features. The author separately considers the question of existence and functioning of the French youth language, the causes of such a concept and how it is used in the language of modern youth, as well as the conditions and means of creating a French youth language, which is relevant when translating from French. The relationship of cultural features of youth slang is revealed, which manifests itself in opposition to social patterns and norms.

SOME ASPECTS OF STUDY OF FRENCH INTERNET LANGUAGE AS A MODERN PHENOMENON

The article deals with the emergence and use of the French language of Internet networks, the reasons for the appearance of such concept and the ways of its use in the speech of modern youth. The language of Internet networks is presented as a kind of linguistic and cultural phenomenon, which gives an idea not only about the features of its use, but also about the global prospects for the development of the national language. The language of social networks uses lexical units and units that entered the lexical-semantic system of the language, the linguistic sphere, but did not exist in the same linguistic sphere in the previous period, formed according to the laws of word formation of the corresponding language, sublanguage or borrowed from another language for communication needs, as well as those who have switched from the positive composition of the language. They possess the formed semantic, pragmatic and stylistic properties (attributes) and are perceived by the speakers in this language community as new, being fixed in the dictionary of new words. Teaching French as a foreign language requires compulsory reliance on the language of young French people who communicate with each other through modern means of communication, studying the slang of French youth helps to understand the features and originality of the national picture of the world, to understand the national specific features of the mentality of French youth better. It has been established that the Internet language is characterized by the same phenomena that exist in a literary language: a change in the grammatical form of a word, synonymy, borrowing from other languages and language strata, and import into a literary language. The article considers the general speech characteristics of the phenomenon and analyzes the language of French social networks. Based on the results of the work, some features of the French Internet language were identified and the corresponding Ukrainian lexical and grammatical examples were given.

Representations of Speech Culture Through the Prism of Youth Consciousness (According to a Regional Sociolinguistic Experiment)

The article discusses the results of a pilot sociolinguistic experiment. Its purpose was to study the ideas of speech culture among high school students using questionnaires. The objectives of the study included the identification of the value-based attitude of informants towards the speech ideal and the carriers of “exemplary speech”, opinions of the level of contemporary youth speech culture, as well as shortcomings and values of modern Russian speech. The questionnaire included high school students’ assessment of language innovations and specific facts of word use, including the norms of the literary language that went beyond the norm boundaries. The survey was conducted among high school students of Omsk and the Omsk region. It was found that, for informants, public media people most often act as carriers of exemplary speech, among which TV presenters, writers, and cultural professionals have a priority. At the same time, 14 % of respondents found it difficult to “personify” their speech ideal in relation to modern speech. Moreover, the results of the experiment showed young people prioritize such characteristics of speech culture as compliance with the norms of the literary language, effectiveness and ethics of speech. At the same time, the experiment revealed the influence of stereotypes about “language clogging with foreign words” perpetuated by Russian media. The author considers the relevance of a scientific approach to understanding language development for high school linguo-didactic practice

Influence of Advertising Texts on Speech Culture of Children and Teenagers

The article is dedicated to the advertising texts for children and teenagers, its influence on their speech culture and presents some evidence for the existence of such a special advertising texts. Advertising has deeply penetrated in modern life having become not only a part of commercial sphere but of culture and life in general. “The peculiarity of advertising is that it is located on the border areas between science and art, Economics and politics” (Borisov, 2001). That is why, of course, it influences (both negatively and positively) on children and teenagers psych and worldview. In recent years, psychologists are actively studying the way advertising influences on children and teenagers and their undeveloped psych and worldview. From a linguistic point of view, we can mention the following means used by the advertisers to attract children and teenagers: 1) Occasionalisms. 2) Youth slang. 3) Advertising text containing verbal and non-verbal components. The use of graphics makes printed advertisement closer to be loved by children TV advertisement. Jargonisms (or slang) are not literary norm of language, but, watching them in the media children might be confused about their stylistic identity. This phenomenon makes a negative influence on youth speech culture that is why it is needed to lessen the number of jargonisms in advertising texts for children and conduct educational work concerning the stylistics of such words at home and at native language lessons. Creative (non-standard) advertising solutions are often criticized. Thanks to such texts children learn language game, understand the system of native language, analyzing word-formation models. This increases the motivation to learn the language, its’ spelling and morphemic.

Dialectal speech of youth as a part of their personal and national identity

Abstract The article presents the research findings on the use of various social varieties of the Slovenian language, i. e. Standard and Non–standard language, by the students studying Slovenian language and literature in Maribor. A brief introduction is followed by a description of language culture and its efforts to improve the subject matter and the importance of the norm in a language with rich social language varieties use. The research indicates the largely positive attitude of young people to the use of their own dialect in different language situations thus shifting the society’s traditionally negative attitude towards the use of dialectal language, perceiving it as a value and as an indicator of one’s personal and national identity. General dialectal characteristics are distinguished in non-formal communication and the informants' switching between the Standard language and the dialect in non-formal communication is a rare occurance, showing that the environment of schooling and the field of study are not prevailing influence factors in choosing a specific social language variety.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE LEXICAL AND SEMANTICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE FRENCH INTERNET LANGUAGE AS A MODERN LANGUAGE PHENOMENON

The article discusses the issues of the existence and functioning of the French Internet language, the reasons for the emergence of such a concept and the ways it is used in modern youth speech, as well as the conditionsand ways of using the French Internet language in the media, journalistic literature and Internet resources, which is relevant during the French language classes. Modern humanity lives in an era of information, the main feature of which is the computer technology. The speed of information processing, easiness of use, confidence in anonymity allow a person to use a computer for communication, in which he can share important thoughts, ideas, feelings, experiences, gain understanding and support. That is why the problem of existence and functioning of the Internet language is relevant.

Stance-taking through sibilant palatalisation in Gouda Moroccan Dutch

Abstract The topic of this article is sibilant palatalisation in the speech of Moroccan-Dutch youth from Gouda, a small city in the Netherlands. In the first part of the article, sibilant palatalisation is described as a variable feature of Moroccan-Dutch speech, which mainly occurs in restricted phonetic and lexical contexts. In the second part some of the data will be explored more closely through the lens of stance-taking. By adopting this particular approach a different light is thrown on the concept of the Moroccan Dutch ethnolect. Sibilant palatalisation, which can function as a stance marker, should not be solely viewed as a linguistic marker of ethnic identity.

Ukrainian oral speech of modern youth in Ukraine and abroad: unsteady norms of pronunciation

The article is devoted to the Ukrainian oral speech at the synchronic level, in particular, to the spoken features of the Ukrainian language. On the basis of a sociolinguistic survey, the attempt to reveal, analyze, and describe the deviations that appear as a result of violations of unstable pronouncing norms has been made, in particular, hushing sounds before sibilants and vice versa. Additionally, the coronal consonant [d] is considered before sibilants depending on the sphere of activity of the respondents and their living environment.The object of our research is the Ukrainian pronunciation of young philologists in Ukraine and of the youth of various professions in Transnistria, Moldova, and Canada.The subject of the research is the usage of the pronouncing norms of the modern Ukrainian language, in particular the sound combination (hushing sounds before sibilants, sibilants before hushing sounds and the transformation of coronal [d],[d'] in affricates before hushing sounds and sibilants).The sociolinguistic (social surveys), descriptive, comparative methods, and the intake of quantitative calculations through which the material is collected, recorded, and analyzed have been used in our research.The predecessors who studied certain issues (first of all, in social and phonetic description of Ukrainian speech) are N.I. Tots’kа, L.I. Prokopova [13], and M.M. Fashchenko [14].The survey was conducted among the students of the Philological Department of the Bulgarian and Ukrainian branches of I.I. Mechnikov National University of Odessa. In addition, the Ukrainian students of different courses and faculties of T. Shevchenko Transnistrian State University (Tiraspol, Transnistria), Alec Russo Balti State University (Moldova), and the youth of various spheres in Canada (Toronto) took part in the survey. On the basis of social survey (which was recorded on an audio medium), stable and weak norms of pronunciation are singled out. Moreover, the important verbal problems and their similarities are indicated.Thus, the norms of pronunciation are closely linked to the field of activity of the youth: philologists make twice less mistakes than other students do.The modern youth of Transnistria, Moldova, Ukraine, and Canada showed the correct pronunciation of hushing sounds before sibilants, and vice versa, in particular, Transnistrian students possess the norms of pronouncing sibilants before hushing sounds (74%), hushing sounds before sibilants (66%), but difficulties appear when pronouncing coronal [d] before hushing sounds and sibilants. The last rule is used only by the students of philological department of Ukrainian language and literature, therefore, we treat it as the most frequently violated. The same rules of pronunciation of sound combinations (which are not fixed by the current norms of pronouncing, but were recorded for a long time in writing in the 19th century) are the most stable in oral speech. The same pronouncing peculiarities of sound combinations, which were not recorded in literature works or were recorded occasionally, belong to unstable ones, even though they have become the pronouncing norm.

A dutch multiethnolect? Metalinguistic commentary from Gouda

AbstractIt is assumed that there exists a multiethnolect in the Netherlands that is used by Dutch youth with different heritage backgrounds. It is lexically mainly influenced by Sranan Tongo while phonetically it is mainly influenced by a Moroccan Dutch accent. In this article, I will argue, based on metalinguistic comments given in interviews, that Moroccan Dutch youth speech in the city of Gouda departs from this conception of multiethnolect. Interviews with Moroccan Dutch teenagers there reveal that, in their youth variety, Sranan Tongo lexical items are not readily accepted and used. In addition, their perception of Straattaal differs from the perception of their Indigenous Dutch peers in Gouda. In this way, a different light can be shed on multiethnolect in the Netherlands.

真如苑「青年部弁論大会」にみる自己の構成と変容 : 新宗教研究への自己物語論的アプローチの試み

真如苑「青年部弁論大会」にみる自己の構成と変容 : 新宗教研究への自己物語論的アプローチの試み

DERIVATIVE PROCESSES IN SPONTANEOUS YOUTH SPEECH (BASED ON MATERIAL OF KYIV)

The article revealed the basic ways of usual and occasional derivation in the everyday Kyiv youth speech on the basis of spontaneous speech texts analysis. The youth derivation demonstrates the impact on youth language of foreign languages, transformation and reinterpretation by the young generation of common lexicon and slang. Derivative processes in the youth speech tend to upgrading Ukrainian lexicon of everyday colloquial speech. Analysis of youth word formation can be continued by expanding the amount of material, considering the socio-political factors in the formation of new words and comparing the results with researches of the same processes in the other social groups’ speech.