Young People In Relation Research Articles

Developmental relationships and school success: How teachers, parents, and friends affect educational outcomes and what actions students say matter most

The current paper explores how students’ relationships with their teachers, parents, and friends might differentially impact their academic experience and success, by presenting and integrating the results of two related studies. In the first study, survey methods and structural equation modeling are used to describe the similar and different effects that developmental relationships with teachers, parents, and friends seem to have on middle- and high-school students’ academic motivation, GPA, and perceptions of school climate. Relationships with teachers directly predicted all three outcomes at the middle school level, and motivation and school climate at the high school level. Relationships indirectly predicted high school GPA, through motivation. Student-teacher relationships, and parent-teacher relationships, also indirectly predicted middle school GPA, through motivation. Relationships with parents directly predicted only motivation in middle school. Relationships with friends directly predicted school climate at both levels. The results from Study 1 showed the central importance of teacher-student relationships on student motivation and led the research team to qualitatively look in study #2 at how teachers build relationships that motivate students and how students experience those relationships. Study 2 used student focus groups and a grounded theory, open coding approach to analysis to identify commonly occurring themes describing what practices teachers used successfully, in students’ eyes, to build strong relationships with students and boost their academic motivation. These practices focused on how teachers expressed care, provided support, challenged students to grow, shared power with them, and expanded their sense of possibilities. The mixed methods produce an overall study that uniquely captures both a global and more granular, practice-oriented view of the ways in which differing developmental relationships in young people’s lives affect their connection to and success in school.

Do qualificar ao empreender: políticas de trabalho para jovens no Brasil

RESUMO O artigo aborda a trajetória das políticas e propostas que, nos últimos trinta anos, enfrentaram a especificidade da relação dos jovens com o trabalho no Brasil, tanto no que diz respeito às principais propostas de governo (especificamente, do governo federal e do governo municipal na cidade de São Paulo) quanto aquelas das fundações empresariais. Desde a ênfase sobre a qualificação profissional no início dos anos 1990, até a difusão recente da agenda do empreendedorismo, as mudanças acompanharam as transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho, no contexto de afirmação do “novo espírito do capitalismo”. O enfraquecimento das garantias trabalhistas, a responsabilização do trabalhador, a ênfase sobre a assunção de riscos, a fragmentação e individualização são elementos centrais de novas formas de subjetivação que atingem, especificamente no caso brasileiro, os jovens pobres.

Development in relationship self-concept from high school to university predicts adjustment.

Helping students adjust to university life is a critical developmental issue. Using longitudinal data from 1652 German late adolescents, this research tested the effect of initial high-school parent, same-sex, and opposite sex self-concept and its change on university dropout intentions, study stress, and study satisfaction. High-school self-concept predicted all outcomes. Change across the postschool transition in parent and same self-concept also predicted most outcomes. Change in opposite sex self-concept predicted no outcome. We argue young people's relationship self-beliefs are critical for successful developmental transitions. Consistent with previous research, we argue that parents remain a vital relationship for late adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Impact of Gender and Relationship Status on Young People's Autonomy and Psychological Wellbeing.

This study uses scales of autonomy and psychological wellbeing to determine whether young people’s gender and romantic relationship status give rise to differences in relation to a series of specific dimensions. To this end, we used Ryff’s Model of Psychological Wellbeing, which comprises several dimensions: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, and purpose in life; and our own Transition to Adulthood Autonomy Scale (EDATVA), whose dimensions are: self-organization, understanding context, critical thinking, and socio-political engagement. As a result, a quantitative study was performed with 1,148 young people aged 16–21 from Madrid, Spain and Bogotá, Colombia, of whom 60.2% were female and 39.8% were male. The findings show that in the gender variable there are differences between males and females in the dimensions of positive relations with others, personal growth (wellbeing questionnaire), and understanding context (autonomy questionnaire); the female sample obtained the highest scores. In the relationship variable, differences were found in environmental mastery and purpose in life; higher scores were obtained by young people in a romantic relationship. However, no differences were found in the different dimensions in the autonomy questionnaire between young people in a relationship and those not.

A study about social values and psychological well-being in young people: implications for educational social work

ABSTRACT Education represents one of the pillars of well-being in any state or society. In turn, educational social work is a profession that intervenes in people’s psychosocial relationships and, in particular, plans different social programs that try to apply successful itineraries in young school children. Social workers acting in the field of education should know what social values interact in young people and the differences that exist based on their sex and age. To this end, an investigation is presented that aims to analyze the psychological well-being of young people in relation to their social values. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational and ex post facto study was carried out, with 385 Spanish youth between 13 and 19 years old. It is concluded that young people prefer values of self-direction, conformity, hedonism and security. Likewise, there is a correspondence between high scores in the dimensions of psychological well-being: self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, domain of the environment, personal growth and purpose of life with high scores of the values benevolence, security, conformity, tradition, achievement, stimulation and self-direction. This relationship takes special relevance in the intervention methods carried out from the Educational Social Work.

Young people, emotional suspicion and the emergence of paediatric selfhood in Palestine

AbstractThis paper explores young people's relationships to emotions and mental health care in Ramallah, Palestine. Palestinian young people—via public anger, sadness, or even joy—are often marked as emotionally other in familial, institutional and other public spaces as part of NGO‐driven constructions of emerging paediatric selfhood. In response, they reproduce and/or reframe notions of emotional suspicion that underwrite these marginalizing processes. Thinking along such axes as possibility and impossibility; mobility and immobility; and the local and international, they simultaneously integrate and resist representational subjection, which is an important part of understanding broader post‐Oslo Palestinian identity and community formation.

PRÁTICAS GRUPAIS COM JOVENS PROMOVENDO BONS ENCONTROS E SAÚDE ÉTICO-POLÍTICA

Este artigo buscou analisar, a partir do conceito de sofrimento ético-político, cunhado por Sawaia se e de que modo a prática grupal possibilitou o aumento da potência da força de existir das/os jovens e a promoção da saúde ético-política. O trabalho foi realizado com jovens que se inscreveram para atendimento psicológico em uma clínica escola de uma universidade no interior de Minas Gerais. Em dez encontros foi possível perceber as afetações das/os jovens em relação aos aspectos que permeiam suas vidas e como estes aspectos aumentam, diminuem, favorecem ou refratam suas potências de existir. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a prática grupal aumenta a potência de ação de jovens ao promover identificações, espaço de escuta e questionamentos. Além disso, configurou-se como espaço para os afetos e para a (re)significação das experiências, bem como para a constituição de relações que se estenderam para além daquele dos encontros.
 Palavras-chaves: Jovens; Prática Grupal; Sofrimento ético-político; Saúde ético-política.

Risk perceptions, misperceptions and sexual behaviours among young heterosexual people with gonorrhoea in Perth, Western Australia.

Notification rates of gonorrhoea in Australia for heterosexual young adults rose by 63% between 2012 and 2016. In Western Australian major cities, there was a 612% increase among non-Aboriginal females and a 358% increase in non-Aboriginal males in the ten-year period 2007-2016. A qualitative public health investigation was initiated to inform appropriate action. Eighteen semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with non-Aboriginal heterosexual young adults aged 18-34 years living in Perth, Western Australia, who had recently been notified to the Department of Health with gonorrhoea, to explore the context of their sexual interactions and lifestyles which could have predisposed them to contracting gonorrhoea. Data were thematically analysed. Common themes were having several casual sexual partners, limited communication between sexual partners about condom use or sexual history prior to engaging in sexual activity, inconsistent condom use, normalisation of some sexually transmissible infections amongst young people, and poor understandings and assessment of sexually transmissible infection risk. The findings support public health interventions that focus on communication between sexual partners and shifting of risk perceptions in sexual health education programs, ensuring accessibility of quality sexual health information, increasing condom accessibility and acceptability, and on strategies for addressing misperceptions of young people in relation to sexually transmitted infections.

Methodological challenges of designing a survey to capture young people’s (non-binary) affiliations in relationship to religion, sexuality and gender

ABSTRACT Large-scale population studies surveying young people in relation to their worldviews have tended to frame their identities in a fixed and limited capacity while also treating the topics of religion/spirituality and sexuality/gender as discrete categories of scholarly analysis. We highlight the affordances and limitations of foregrounding fixed religious, sexual and gender-based identity categories in the process of collecting and analysing data related to the worldviews of young people. In this paper we argue the value of studying the complexities and intersections of these identities and worldviews together in one study. We do this through reference to the Australia’s Generation Z (AGZ) study: the first nationally representative sample focused on providing an evidence-based understanding of both the religious/spiritual/non-religious and sexuality/gender identities and worldviews of young Australians aged 13–18. We discuss how we built on existing surveys in designing the AGZ survey. We also demonstrate how this survey allowed for the incorporation of young people’s non-binary understandings of religion, sexuality and gender.

Social identities, place, mobility, and belonging: Intersectional experiences of college-educated youth

Youth are commonly understood to be a crucial population for the future viability and vibrancy of rural communities. Thus, researchers often focus on the migration intentions and patterns of youth to better understand rural community sustainability and well-being. However, the role of social identities in young people's relationship to place and the perspectives of college students are not well-represented in the literature. This paper addresses these gaps by highlighting the intersectional qualities of social identities and place and how these intersections relate to college-educated young adults' perspectives on mobility. The paper is based on data from focus groups with college students and interviews with college-educated young adults living in the Appalachian region of the United States where many communities are in economic transition following long-term declines in the coal industry. The sample was purposefully built to include a diverse representation of genders, sexual orientations, and racial identities, and the data were analyzed through an intersectional lens in order to access information about the connections among social identities, place, mobility, and belonging. The data show that the navigation of mobility and social identities has the potential to strengthen young people's relationship with place despite limiting factors. Furthermore, experiences of mobility along with institutional support can help foster this connection. Overall, this paper argues that social identities are essential components for understanding the potentially limiting and liberating aspects of the mobility imperative in the context of metronormativity.

Construction of an Instrument for the Evaluation of the Effects of Information and Communication Technologies among Young People

The aim of this paper is to investigate the issue of access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at younger ages, which is leading to dependency on mobile phones, video games, and compulsive aimless internet surfing—an issue that schools have been increasingly seeking to tackle. With the appearance of emerging technologies, and not forgetting those already established, an instrument is required that will adapt to new casuistry and help to design intervention programmes in accordance with present and future patterns of use, abuse, and addiction. Studies such as the one proposed here will provide data about the profile of this population in order to improve programmes and influence the ICT policies rolled out by central and local governments. The chief aim of this paper is to construct and validate an instrument capable of evaluating problems experienced by young people in relation to technology use, abuse, and addiction within the programmes developed in Spain. The research design used in this study is mixed empirical, non-experimental, and sequential in nature in three stages: interviews conducted with 11 prevention professionals, group of 11 experts and pilot group of 30 participants in indicated prevention programmes. The findings of the study indicate that the instrument fulfills the parameters established to be considered a systematic empirically sustainable instrument, since the young population needs to identify these patterns in order to understand and prevent risk behaviours associated with their use.

PREFERENSI RUANG-RUANG BERSOSIALIASI URBAN KOTA MEDAN (STUDY KASUS KAWASAN KOTA MATSUM, MEDAN, SUMATERA UTARA)

The preference for gathering spaces for urbanites has shifted since the 2000s, the trend of gathering activities of young people who initially in public spaces, such as parks, terraces, and private spaces, began to shift towards activities in spaces that offer the charm of hedonism and simple. As a result, a new habit arises, namely a habit of buying and hanging-out in the economic area of the city, both in the form of cafés, food stalls, and other gathering places that are hedonistic in nature. This study used an observation approach at three locations in the Matsum City Area, in addition to observations conducted as well as interviews with respondents, and then conducted an analysis of the preferences of social spaces between two groups of actors who had different backgrounds, but achieved the same goal. The results of this study show that the creation of social space preferences from the activities and relations of fellow young people and the relationship of young people with traders has formed social value activities, and has produced economic value around the city of Matsum.

O conhecimento de jovens frente as IST no município de Nhamundá – AM

Os adolescentes estão iniciando sua vida sexual cada vez mais cedo. A adolescência é uma fase caracterizada pela faixa etária de 12 a 18 anos, repleta de descobertas e vulnerabilidades, onde ocorre à expressão própria de escolha individual e questionamentos perante a sociedade, relacionado ao conhecimento do próprio corpo, relações sexuais, uso de drogas e consequentemente exposição às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST). Neste contexto, idealizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos jovens frente às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) no município de Nhamundá/Am. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional de caráter quantitativo com amostra de 40 (quarenta) adolescentes regularmente matriculados no 8º e 9º ano do ensino fundamental da Escola Estadual Professor Gilberto Mestrinho, no período entre agosto a setembro de 2015. Os dados foram coletados com auxílio de questionário sobre o conhecimento dos jovens em relação à sexualidade, e utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Nos resultados constatou-se que dos 40 adolescentes participantes do estudo, quando questionados se conheciam os métodos de prevenção das IST, a opção respondida por 70% (28) dos alunos foi de: não possuir conhecimentos e apenas 30% (12) alunos responderam: possuir conhecimentos sobre a prevenção e que, entretanto, a falta do diálogo com os pais sobre a vida sexual, foi apontado como o principal motivo de desconhecimento sobre às IST p<0.09172*. Assim, conclui-se que existe ausência de conhecimentos básicos e indispensáveis para prevenir as IST na maioria dos alunos que participaram da entrevista, resultante da falta de diálogo familiar, educação sexual ou até mesmo timidez do próprio adolescente em abordar o assunto.
 Palavras-chaves: Adolescente. Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Saúde do adolescente.

Типи молоді за рівнем розвитку психологічних якостей, необхідних для здійснення соціальної активності

Introduction. The development of civil society is based, in particular, on young people's involvement in various social activities. This necessitates the study of different categories of socially active youth in relation to the levels of development of their psychological qualities to be taken into account by different social institutions. The aim of the study: to determine the categories of young people in relation to the levels of development of their social activity-relevant psychological qualities. Methods. A set of methods for studying psychological characteristics of socially active youth. Results. Socially active youth has been classified according to the levels of development of their social activity-relevant psychological qualities and their main components ("leaders", "communicators", "aggressive", "avoiding", "impulsive"). The author describes the psychological profile of each category of youth and its percentage of the sample. Conclusions. The obtained data can be helpful in the organization of effective interaction of public and state organizations with young people through their inclusion in various social projects, charitable actions, etc., as well as for challenging social stereotypes about leaders as the only category of socially active young people.

‘Boys mostly just want to have sex’: Young Indigenous people talk about relationships and sexual intimacy in remote, rural and regional Australia

This article seeks to understand Indigenous Australian young people's relationships and their experiences of sexual intimacy. A cohort of Indigenous 16–25-year-olds from urban, rural and remote communities were invited to participate in a collaborative method involving scenario-based body mapping. In these activities, young people discussed the range and complexity of their relationships and how constructions and interpretations of relationships contribute to both positive and negative experiences. These rich understandings provide important insights into adolescent sexuality as ‘multidimensional, socially constructed and negotiated'. However, they also point to the continued gendered power inequalities that subordinate young women's lives to the desires and control of young men.

Virðing: Lykilþáttur í kynheilbrigði ungs fólks

Í íslenskum og erlendum samfélögum bendir margt til þess að vanvirðingar gæti gagnvart kynverund einstaklingsins og er MeToo-byltingin dæmi um viðbragð við þeim vanda. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar er að varpa ljósi á hugtökin virðingu og vanvirðingu í sambandi við kynheilbrigði ungs fólks og út frá rétti þess til kynheilbrigðis. Gerð var endurgreining á tveimur eigindlegum rannsóknum sem byggðust á viðtölum við unga menn. Einnig var byggt á MeToo-frásögnum af kynferðisofbeldi gagnvart unglingsstúlkum. Gögnin voru greind út frá virðingu og vanvirðingu. Niðurstöður sýna að sjálfsvirðing er ungum karlmönnum mikilvæg í jafningjahópum en einnig við kaup og notkun smokka. Þeim finnst mikilvægt að virða samþykki hins aðilans og telja virðingu vera einn af lykilþáttum góðs kynlífs. Vanvirðing ungra manna birtist í umræðu um ráðandi karlmennsku en einnig þegar samþykki fyrir samförum er hunsað. Lýsingar á nauðgun unglingsstúlkna sýna fram á mikla vanvirðingu gagnvart rétti þeirra til kynheilbrigðis. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að virðing sé mikilvæg fyrir vellíðan einstaklingsins sem kynveru og hið gagnstæða gildi um vanvirðingu. Fræða þarf ungt fólk um rétt þess til kynheilbrigðis og um einkennandi þætti heilbrigðs kynferðislegs sambands.

Post-crisis precarity: Understanding attitudes to work and industrial relations among young people in the UK

The 2008 crisis crystallised the trend towards ‘precarious’ labour market conditions which disproportionately affect young people. Few studies since the crisis, however, examine how young people understand and engage with their economic circumstances and industrial relations. This article draws upon rich and original data from focus groups and an online community exercise to examine the attitudes of young people in relation to the apparent ‘normalisation’ of precarity in the post-crisis economy. It argues that although young people have internalised precarious labour market conditions, they recognise the abnormality of this situation. It shows that their view of these conditions as immutable, however, means they often fail to see value in conventional forms of trade union organisation. The article concludes by outlining a future research agenda around economic crisis, generational identities and the future of industrial relations.

STUDENT SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPECTATIONS FROM STUDYING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: SATISFACTION DEGREE AND IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION

The aim of the study is to analyze the implementation of students' expectations from studying at the University. The leading method for the study of this problem is the method of the questionnaire, which allows the most qualitative and in-depth study of the expectations of young people in relation to higher education.. It is revealed that the existing problems have a negative impact on the attitude of students to their educational institution and, consequently, reduce its image in the eyes of future students and the public as a whole. The data obtained in this work can be used in the psychology of education, age psychology, social psychology, pedagogy, sociology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue.

‘It was me, but it was them that helped me’: Exploring the issues for care experienced young people within higher education

This article reports the findings of a small study investigating the experiences of care experienced young people in relation to higher education in England. The findings are based on a literature review, interviews with young people studying at one University as well as interviews with University support staff. It also includes data from two focus groups with young people in care. The research shows that their success depends on a complexity of factors. In terms of support, young people did not benefit from unspecified and generalised help, but ongoing support that was relational, characterised by genuine concern, human warmth and knowledge of the young person. In addition, the research emphasises that supportive adults need to be non-judgemental, available and responsive in providing practical help as well as emotional support. These supportive adults, together with the provision of financial support, combined with the student’s own agency, resilience, internal drive and determination, provide a powerful set of factors that underpin success within higher education for care experienced students. Additionally this research provides further testament to the importance of enduring and trusting relationships for children in care.

Project “What connects us to the world?”: Constructions of artistic cartographic representations

Abstract. The links between art and cartography are deep, and integrate the knowledge generated by the combination of elements that involve the concepts of territory, culture, history, geography and power. The approximation of art and cartography occurs in the aesthetic and visual sense and invites us to unravel and reflect on its role in the spectrum of spatial representations. In schools, the artworks that involve cartographic representations offer us an opportunity to understand young people's relationships with local and global spaces, and the meaning of those relationship in their lives. The interpretation of these representations directs to the question: What does this image reveal in terms of the students identity construction related with the place of residence and the world? Since 2017, the Project “WHAT CONNECTS US TO THE WORLD?” is part of the list of Pedagogical Projects developed at the Educational Center 310 of Santa Maria in the Federal District, Brasília, Brazil. This is an interdisciplinary project with activities developed in the classes of Geography and Art during the academic year with the participation of students between the ages of 15 and 19. The main objective of the project is to encourage students to design artistic cartographic representations that express their connection with local and global spaces. The development of the project involves the cartographic and geography literacy activities in Geography classes and the development of artistic representations in art classes. There are six stages of development:Presentation of the project and generating ideas.Deepening spatial concepts of place and territory. Identification of the elements that connect young people to local and global space.Study of the various spatial representations (for example the map of Santa Maria, DF, map of Brazil and map mundi).Selection of topics by students. Choice of spatial representation and artistic expression.Oral presentation of the final paper.The results of the project were the various drawings that express topics of interest to the students such as: Corruption in Latin America, Internet, violence against women, destruction of nature, deforestation in Brazil and Latin America, social inequality, freedom and peace, social inequality in the world, patriotism.The four best drawings in the year of 2017 were sent to the Children's Cartography Contest Professor Livia de Oliveira.One first year student made her drawing with the theme Corruption in Latin America that question the lateness of the arrest of corrupt politicians, the increase of gasoline and the homicide of young people in Brazil. This result was widely reported by local newspaper and television because it was selected nationally as one of the winners in her category. The impact of this selection on the contest is reflected in the appreciation of the visual language to express the perceptions of young people and reveal their critical view in the interpretation of everyday facts. In 2018, 16 drawings were sent to the Children's Cartography Contest again e we are still waiting for the final classification.We considerably learned about our students when interpreting their drawings created for this project. Artistic cartographic representations shows the imagery of our students at that particular moment and help us to understand their social and spatial context.